78 4: Dynamic Theory. 



head, the capillaries on this side are relaxed and become filled with 

 blood, causing the skin to redden and to grow hot, and at the same time 

 the temperature within the cranium on the same side rises. Inflamma- 

 tion of the membranes of the brain, leads to the engorgement of the 

 face, ears and eyes with blood. The first stage of an epileptic fit ap- 

 pears to be the contraction of the vessels of the brain, and the first out- 

 ward manifestation is an extreme pallor of countenance." ( Darwin on 

 Emotions. ) 



Darwin gives the case of a sick lady at an asylum, who, on being ap- 

 proached by Dr. Brown and his assistants, blushed deeply over her 

 cheeks and temples. When the doctor uncovered her chest to examine 

 her lungs, a brilliant blush extended over the upper part of it and a con- 

 siderable distance downward between the breasts. This is a curious in- 

 stance of a blush following a conscious attention in what is probabl} r an 

 unusual direction. People of Malacca, who go nearly naked, have been 

 at times observed to blush, not only on the face, but the neck, breast 

 and arms, and even as far down as the waist. 



Eve^body has experienced, or observed, horripilation, or as it is 

 more commonly called, goose-skin. This is an elevation of the hairs, &c. , 

 on the surface of the body towards an erect position and their slight 

 protrusion, giving the skin an appearance of being covered with pimples. 

 Ib sometimes feels like a cold thrill passing over the skin. It occurs 

 with a general chilliness preceding fever, and upon exposure of the body 

 to a chilly air, and it may be provoked locally by tickling an adjoining 

 part. It also occurs under the influence of certain emotions, as sudden 

 terror or surprise by something horrible or startling. 



FIG. 379. Section through Human Scalp. 



Ep. Epidermic. 



Ul Transverse bands of the connective 

 tissue. 



Uq- Longitudinal bands of same. 



H Hair. 



Hz Root of Hair. 



P. -Papilla of Hair. 



m-Hair follicle. 



Ma. Erector pili muscles, their contrac- 

 tion pulls up the hair in horripilation- 



T- Sebaceous or oil glands- 



/S'- Sweat glands- 



F Fat body 



The hairs ordinarily stand in the 

 skin in an oblique position. To 

 the hair-sac at the bottom of each 

 hair are attached minute fibres of 

 unstriated muscle called arrectores 

 pili (see fig. 379), which, when 



FIG. 379 tnev contract, pull the root of the 



hair in such a way as to straighten it up. ( See Job 4 : 15.) This ac- 

 tion in man is entirely reflex and unpurposive, although when occasioned 

 by emotion, the stimulation passes through the cerebral organs. This, 



