868 Dynamic Theory. 



and stable eight years after ; a dog, the sound of his master's voice five 

 years after, and the sound of a clinking collar three years after. An 

 elephant remembered his keeper after running wild for fifteen }*ears. 



The faculty of memory of necessity produces imagination, and there 

 is plenty of evidence of its possession by the lower animals. It is shown 

 in the wariness of animals, their apprehension of danger involving imag- 

 ination. It is shown in the cunning and stratagems of animals, as in birds 

 feigning lameness to invite pursuit ; and in foxes obliterating their tracks 

 by wading in a stream, and by doubling on their tracks, &c. Romanes 

 mentions the case of a crab that took out a shell that had fallen into its 

 hole, then seeing three others near the mouth of the hole ready to fall 

 in, moved them off out of such risk. 



Imagination is shown in dreaming, and it is known that elephants, 

 horses, dogs, and Canary birds, Eagles. Parrots, &c. , dream. A Parrot 

 is mentioned that talked in its sleep, and a watch-dog that was a som- 

 nambulist. Like men, the lower animals are liable to affections of the 

 brain which cause delusions. In hydrophobia they see phantoms, and on 

 various occasions dogs have been known to be the victims of illusions 

 shown by the gazing at vacancy, snapping and growling. An ape is 

 mentioned that had a sun-stroke, in consequence of which it became 

 subject to delusions. 



Many animals become strongly attached to persons and places, so that 

 when away they suffer in mind. Occasionally we hear of a dog dying 

 of grief, upon the loss of its master. A dog is mentioned that refused to 

 eat after his mistress went away. Many horses are much more free to 

 go, when returning towards home than when driven away. They are im- 

 pelled by the imagination of home comforts. Many animals return 

 home from long distances. Pigs, cats, dogs, pigeons, &c. , do this, 

 and even snakes, toads, and frogs. A tame snake, taken in a close 

 carriage from Madras to Pondicherry, over 100 miles, found its way 

 back. They show in this, not only memory of the home, but a won- 

 derful faculty of direction. 



Some animals, dogs, in particular, appear to be superstitious. That 

 is, they act at times as if they fancied an inanimate object to be a person 

 with life and will. Thus, a dog playing with a stick, accidently hurt 

 himself with it, when he dropped it in great alarm and ran off, as if he 

 thought the stick actuated against him by maglignant motives. An- 

 other dog barked at a parasol moved by the wind, and another was 

 astonished and alarmed at seeing a dry bone it had been playing with, 

 drawn off by a fine thread, and ran away. Another dog was alarmed b} T 

 the behavior of a soap-bubble, and scared out of the room when it finally 

 burst. Another that heard thunder for the first time when 18 months 

 old, was badly scared, and equally so when he heard artillery practice at 



