The Mind. 983 



is no longer under the compulsoiy penance of using it, it will be able 

 to get along far better. Some advocates of this opinion say that the 

 soul is always sound and sane, but that when the brain is out of order, 

 the work done through it is of an abnormal nature. 



By remembering that only a small part of the brain is used by the 

 mind, viz. , that part devoted to motor functions, we can readity sepa- 

 rate the resulting actions and distinguish that some of them are indeed 

 due to a bad apparatus in the hands of a sane person, as in the cases 

 of animals deprived of the cerebellum. But we also distinguish the 

 cases in which the person and the purpose he forms are insane, when 

 there is no lack of ability to carry the purpose into execution. In the 

 case of the insane woman (fig. 375) who had lost the civilized part of 

 her mind-forming brain, it is easy to see that the mind itself was de- 

 fective, and why it was. 



If a man should attempt to build a fence, in the absence of impor- 

 tant tools, as a saw, a spade, and a hammer, he would substitute some 

 other tools or do without. He could dig holes with a stick and lift the 

 dirt out with his hands; he could drive nails with a stone, or in the ab- 

 sence of nails, he could tie the boards to the posts with wire or bark; 

 in the absence of boards he could lay up a worm fence of saplings or 

 rails; in the absence of these he could erect a barricade of "brush." 

 In any event the thing he made would be a fence of some sort. It 

 would not come out a chicken coop, a wheel-barrow, or a foot-bridge. 

 This is a sane purpose behind poor tools. 



The development of bees, although involving mental results, is a 

 purely physical process and depends upon conditions of food, and the 

 cell or nest in which the development takes place. Compare the differ- 

 ence in development between a worker and a queen. They are both 

 born from the same sort of an egg and the difference which arises be- 

 tween them is created by difference in treatment. The eggs from which 

 the queens are hatched differ in no respect from those which produce 

 workers, but they are deposited in a different sort of cells. These 

 cells are larger; their form is not hexagonal as the others are, but an 

 oblong spheroid, and they are not built among the other cells but at- 

 tached to them across their external openings. They stand vertically 

 with the mouth down. Four days after the egg is laid in one of these 

 royal cells the grub or larva is hatched. This royal worm is fed by the 

 workers on a peculiar, rich jelly of an acid character which is elaborated 

 in the stomach of the worker. In about five days the royal maggot or 

 larva commences forming a web about herself which she completes in 

 24 hours. The cell is closed up by the workers. Inside the web or 

 cocoon the maggot is developed into the pupa, and finally becomes a per- 

 fect queen in about 17 or 18 days from the time the egg is first laid. 



