Force and Form. 1041 



moved. Thus, as pointed out page 1,036, hydrogen being one-sixteenth 

 as heavy as oxygen, it has four times the velocity. But these atoms are 

 not at liberty to fly off indefinitely, they immediately come into collision 

 with each other and with the sides of the vessel containing them, and 

 every time they thus collide they lose a part of their velocity, and the 

 part so lost is transferred back to the ether and appears as heat. These 

 heats thus given up are the same for the light atoms as for the heavy ones, 

 because they make up in the number of their collisions what they lack in 

 the force of them. The subjection of a gas to an additional quantity 

 of heat causes the atoms to increase their velocities and their energy of 

 motion, and consequently the expansion of the gas. 



We see here the mechanical relationship between the imponderable 

 ether and the ponderable atom. The undulations of the ether are of a 

 force sufficient to hoist the atom or molecule, as a tedder flirts a wisp 

 of hay, or a cotton-gin a wisp of cotton. And the atom is a piece of 

 ponderable matter small enough to be thus flirted and hustled, and that 

 too, at a rap f id speed, but still at a speed that bears exact physical re- 

 lationships to the weight of the atom and the force of the undulations, 

 of the same kind and in the same mathematical proportions, as the re- 

 lationships borne by the speed of a cannon ball, are to the weight of 

 the projectile and the force of the explosive. It is here, upon these 

 vanishing points of ponderable matter that the energy communicated to 

 and propagated by the elastic ether takes hold, and through them 

 establishes and controls the movements of the universe of ponderable 

 matter. 



The following is a list of the elements not mentioned on page 403. The two lists 

 make in all 73 elements, and comprise all thus far discovered. The figures are the 

 atomic weights, hydrogen being 1. 



Barium Ba 136.86 Nitrogen N 14.01 



Beryllium Be 9.08 Norwegium Ng 145.9 



Calcium Ca 39.91 Oxygen O 15.96 



Caesium Cs 132.7 Rubidium Rb 85.2 



Cerium Ce 141.2 Samarium Sa 150.0 



Chlorine Cl 35.37 Scandium Sc 43.97 



Chromium Cr 52.45 Strontium Sr 87.3 



Decipium Dp 159. Tantalum Ta 182.0 



Didymium Di 146. Terbium Tr 171.0 



Erbium Er 166. Thorium Th 231.96 



Fluorine P 19.06 Thulium Tu 170.4 



Gallium Ga 69.9 Titanium Ti 48.0 



Germanium Ge 72.32 Uranium U 239.8 



Holmium Ho 162.0 Vanadium V 51.1 



Hydrogen H 1.0 Ytterbium Yb 172.6 



Lanthanum La 138.5 Yttrium Yt 89.6 



Niobium Nb 93.7 Zirconium Zr 90.4 



In the transfer of energy in the shape of heat to the atoms or mole- 

 cules of true gases in which there is entire freedom from cohesion, no 

 doubt all the motion of the actually impinging heat rays is turned into 

 the mass motion of the individual molecules. But in the case of the 

 partly condensed vapors, and the liquids and solids, far less of the 



