CELL-MAKING INSTINCT 285 



between two adjoining spheres. I have several specimens 

 showing clearly that they can do this. Even in the rude 

 circumferential rim or wall of wax round a growing comb, 

 flexures may sometimes be observed, corresponding in posi- 

 tion to the planes of the rhombic basal plates of future cells. 

 But the rough wall of wax has in every case to be finished 

 off, by being largely gnawed away on both sides. The 

 manner in which the bees build is curious ; they always make 

 the first rough wall from ten to twenty times thicker than 

 the excessively thin finished wall of the cell, which will 

 ultimately be left. We shall understand how they work, by 

 supposing masons first to pile up a broad ridge of cement, 

 and then to begin cutting it away equally on both sides near 

 the ground, till a smooth, very thin wall is left in the middle ; 

 the masons always piling up the cut-away cement, and 

 adding fresh cement on the summit of the ridge. We shall 

 thus have a thin wall steadily growing upward but always 

 crowned bv a gigantic coping. From all the cells, both those 

 just commenced and those completed, being thus crowned by 

 a strong coping of wax, the bees can cluster and crawl over 

 the com.b without injuring the delicate hexagonal walls. 

 These walls, as Professor Miller has kindly ascertained for 

 me, vary greatly in thickness; being, on an average of 

 twelve measurements made near the border of the comb, 

 T-W of an inch in thickness; whereas the basal rhomboidal 

 plates are thicker, nearly in the proportion of three to two, 

 having a mean thickness, from twenty-one measurements, 

 of ^i^-g of an inch. By the above singular manner of build- 

 ing, strength is continually given to the comb, with the ut- 

 most ultimate economy of wax. 



It seems at first to add to the difficulty of understanding 

 how the cells are made, that a multitude of bees all work 

 together ; one bee after working a short time at one cell 

 going to another, so that, as Huber has stated, a score of in- 

 dividuals work even at the commencement of the first cell. 

 I was able practically to show this fact, by covering the 

 edges of the hexagonal walls of a single cell, or the extreme 

 margin of the circumferential rim of a growing comb, with 

 an extremely thin layer of melted vermilion wax; and I in- 

 variably found that the colour was most delicately diffused 



