532 GLOSSARY 



Balanus — The genus including the common Acorn-shells which live in 

 abundance on the rocks of the sea-coast. 



Batrachians-^A class of animals allied to the Reptiles, but undergoing a 

 peculiar metamorphosis, in which the young animal is generally 

 aquatic and breathes by gills. (.Examples, Frogs, Toads, and Newts.) 



Boulders — Large transported blocks of stone generally embedded in clays or 

 gravels. 



Brachiopoda — A class of marine MoUusca, or soft-bodied animals, furnished 

 with a bivalve shell, attached to submarine objects by a stalk which 

 passes through an aperture in one of the valves, and furnished with 

 fringed arms, by the action of which food is carried to the mouth. 



Branchicc — Gills or organs for respiration in water. 



Branchial — Pertaining to gills or branchis. 



Cambrian System — A series of very ancient Palaeozoic rocks, between the 

 Laurentian and the Silurian. Until recently these were regarded as 

 the oldest fossiliferous rocks. 



Canida— The Dog-family, inc:uding the Dog, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, &c. 



Carapace — The shell enveloping the anterior part of the body in Crustaceans 

 generally; applied also to the hard shelly pieces of the Cirripedes. 



Carboiiferous — This term is applied to the great formation which includes, 

 among other rocks, the coal measures. It belongs to the oldest, or 

 Palaeozoic, system of formations. 



Caudal — Of or belonging to the tail. 



Cephalopods — ^The highest class of the Mollusca, or soft-bodied animals, 

 characterized by having the mouth surrounded by a greater or less 

 number of fleshy arms or tentacles, which, in most living species, are 

 furnished with sucking-cups. {Examples, Cuttle-fish, Nautilus.) 



Cetacea — An order of Mammalia, inc'uding the Whales, Dolphins, &c., 

 havirjg the form of the body fish-like, the skin naked, and only the 

 forelimbs developed. 



Chelonia — An order of Reptiles, including the Turtles, Tortoises, &c. 



Cirnpedes — An order of Crustaceans including the Barnacles and Acorn- 

 shells. Their young resemble those of many other Crustaceans in 

 form; but when mature they are always attached to other objects, 

 either directly or by means of a stalk, and their bodies are enclosed 

 by a calcareous shell composed of several pieces, two of which can 

 open to give issue to a bunch of curled, jointed tentacles, which rep- 

 resent the limbs. 



Cocc!<5— The genus of Insects including the Cochineal. In these the male 

 is a minute, winged fly, and the female generally a motionless, berry- 

 like mass. 



Cocoon — A case usually of silky material, in which insects are frequently 

 enveloped during the second or resting stage (pupa) of their existence. 

 The term " cocoon-stage " is here used as equivalent to " pupa-stage." 



Calospermotis — A term applied to those fruits of the UmbelliferEe which 

 have the seed hollowed on the inner face. 



Coleoptera — Beetles, an order of Insects, having a biting mouth and the first 

 pair of wings more or less horny, forming sheaths for the second pair, 

 and usually meeting in a straight line down the middle of the back. 



Lolumn—A peculiar organ in the flowers of Orchids, in which the stamens, 

 style and stigma (or the reproductive parts) are united. 



Composita- or Compositous Plants— Flants in which the inflorescence con- 

 sists of numerous small flowers (florets) brought together into a dense 

 head, the base of which is enclosed by a common envelope. (Examples 

 the Daisy, Dandelion, &c.) 



Conferva — ^The filamentous weeds of fresh water. 



Conglomerate— A rock made up of fragments of rock or pebbles, cemented 

 together by some other material. 



Corolla—rrhe second envelope of a flower, usually composed of coloured, 

 leat-hke organs (petals), which may be unHed by their edges either 

 in the basal part or throughout. 



Correlation— The normal coincidence of one phenomenon, character, &c 

 with another. ' ' 



Corymh—A bunch of flowers in which those springing from the lower part 

 ot the flower stalk are supported on long stalks so as to be nearly on 

 a level with the upper ones. 



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