GLOSSARY 4S5 



Cambrian System. — A series of very ancient Palaeozoic rocks, between 

 the Laurentian and the Silurian. Until recently these were re- 

 garded as the oldest fossiliferous rocks. 



CANiDiE. — The Dog-family, including the Dog, Wolf, Fox, Jackal, etc. 



Carapace. — The shell enveloping the anterior part of the body in 

 Crustaceans generally; applied also to the hard shelly pieces of 

 the Cirripedes. 



Carboniferous. — This term is applied to the great formation which 

 includes, among other rocks, the coal-measures. It belongs to the 

 , oldest, or Palaeozoic, system of formations. 



Caudal. — Of or belonging to the tail. 



Cephalopods. — ^The highest class of the MoUusca, or soft-bodied ani- 

 mals, characterized by having the mouth surrounded by a greater 

 or less number of fleshy arms or tentacles, which, in most living 

 species are furnished with sucking-cups. (Examples, Cuttle-fish, 

 Nautilus.) 



Cetacea. — An order of Mammalia, including the Whales, Dolphins, 

 etc., having the form of the body fish-like, the skin naked, and 

 only the fore limbs developed. 



Chelonia. — ^An order of Reptiles including the Turtles, Tortoises, etc. 



Cirripedes. — An order of Crustaceans including the Barnacles and 

 Acorn-shells. Their young resemble those of many other Crusta- 

 ceans in form; but when mature they are always attached to other 

 objects, either directly or by means of a stalk, and their bodies are 

 enclosed by a calcareous shell composed of several pieces, two of 

 which can open to give issue to a bunch of curled, jointed tentacles, 

 which represent the limbs. 



Coccus. — The genus of Insects including the Cochineal. In these the 

 male is a minute, winged fly, and the female generally a motion- 

 less, berry-like mass. 



Cocoon. — A case usually of silky material, in which insects are fre- 

 quently enveloped during the second or resting-stage (pupa) of 

 their existence. The term "cocoon-stage" is here used as equivalent 

 to "pupa-stage." 



Ccelgspermous. — A term applied to those fruits of the Umbelliferae 

 which have the seed hollowed on the inner face. 



CoLEOPTERA. — Beetles, an order of Insects having a biting mouth and 

 the first pair of wings more or less homy, forming sheaths for the 

 second pair, and usually meeting in a straight Une down the middle 

 of the back. 



Column. — A peculiar organ in the flowers of Orchids, in which the 

 stamens, style and stigma (or the reproductive parts) are united. 



