i62 THE DEER FAMILY 



shooting. A powerful glass is desirable and the 

 sportsman will do well to use it often, and carefully 

 look over the ground in order to discover his game 

 without alarming it and be able to plan his approach. 

 Schwatka says when the temperature reaches the ex- 

 tremes of — 60° to — 70° Fahrenheit, the musk-oxen 

 and reindeer herds can be located, at from six to seven 

 miles' distance, by the cloud of moisture which hangs 

 over them, formed by their condensing breath, and 

 from favorable heights, at even fifteen to twenty miles. 

 The color of the animal is said to harmonize well with 

 the gray, barren plains. This animal, like the other 

 deer, relies upon its nose, and can detect its enemy at 

 a great distance, if the wind be in its favor. It is 

 sometimes necessary to retire, after discovering the 

 game, and make a long detour before attempting to 

 approach it. 



The migration of this animal is from north to south. 

 In the summer it is found most abundantly far within 

 the Arctic Circle near the shores of the Arctic Ocean. 

 Here the young are brought forth, and in the fall the 

 animals move southward, and spend the winter on the 

 barrens and in the vicinity of the adjacent forests. 



The caribou are seen in small bands, and often in 

 great herds, numbering hundreds of animals where 

 they are abundant. There are a number of varieties 

 of this caribou, as we have observed. These are re- 

 ferred to in the Appendix. 



Mr. Warburton Pike has given us an excellent story 

 in Mr. Hornaday's "American Natural History," of the 

 Barren Grounds, and the musk-oxen and caribou to be 

 seen there. He says that the caribou in great bands, 



