LEADING CEREALS AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS 129 



chief bread plant of many ancient nations, it is now used almost wholly 

 for brewing, pearling, and stock feeding. The hull of the grain of 

 ordinary brewing barley or of Scotch barley constitutes about 15 per ct. 

 of its total weight. California feed barley, grown extensively in some 

 sections of the West, has more hull and weighs 45 lbs. or less per 

 bushel; while the usual weight of common barley is 48 lbs. Bald or 

 hulless barley, also grown in the western states, has hard kernels, con- 

 tains less fiber owing to the absence of the hull, and is as heavy as 

 wheat. Barley has less digestible crude protein than oats, and more 

 than corn. The carbohydrates exceed those of oats and fall below 

 those in corn, while the oil content is lower than in either. 



Barley as a feed. — On the Pacific slope, where corn or oats do not 

 flourish in equal degree, barley is extensively used as a feed for ani- 



FiG. 37. — Heads op Different Varieties of Barley and of Rye 



From left to right: 1, TAVo-rowed barley; 2, common six-rowed Jbarley, or so- 

 called four-rowed barley; 3, true six-rowed barley; 4, California feed barley; 5, 

 beardless barley; 6, rye. 



mals. For horses barley is slightly less valuable than oats. This grain 

 is the common feed for dairy cows in northern Europe. Fed with 

 legume hay to fattening steers and lambs, barley has given nearly as 

 good returns as corn. In Great Britain and northern Europe it 

 takes the place of corn for pig feeding, leading all grains in producing 

 pork of fine quality. Somewhat more barley than corn has been 



