CHAPTER X 



MINOR CEREALS, OIL-BEARING AND LEGUMINOUS SEEDS 

 AND THEIR BY-PRODUCTS 



I. Rice and its By-Products 



The production of rice is steadily increasing in Louisiana, Texas, 

 and Arkansas, where over 95 per ct. of the entire crop of the United 

 States is produced. Like wheat, this cereal is used almost entirely for 

 human food, only the by-products from the manufacture of polished or 

 table rice being fed to farm animals. 



Rice and its by-products. — In preparing rough rice for human food, 

 first the hulls and next the bran, or outer skin of the kernel, are 

 removed. The kernels are then ''polished" to remove the creamy out- 

 side layer, rich in protein and fat, and to produce an attractive lustre. 

 The resulting floury particles form rice polish. 



Bough rice and hulled rice are commonly fed to stock only when of 

 low grade. The kernels being hard, these feeds should be ground. 

 Rough rice may replace corn in stock feeding, being worth about 7 

 per ct. more than that grain. Hulled rice is the richest of all cereals 

 in carbohydrates, but relatively low in crude protein and fat. It is 

 worth about 16 per ct. more than corn. 



Rice hulls, woody and tasteless, should never be fed to farm animals, 

 for their sharp, roughened, flinty edges and needle-like points are 

 irritating and dangerous to the walls of the stomach and intestines, 

 and may even cause death. They are sometimes used by unscrupulous 

 dealers to adulterate commercial feeding stuffs, and are even ground 

 and sold as "husk meal" or "Star bran." 



Bice hran, when pure, consists of the outer layer of the rice kernel 

 proper, the germs, and a small amount of hulls not separated in the 

 milling process. When adulterated with hulls, it is called "commer- 

 cial bran. ' ' Unadulterated rice bran is a highly nutritious feed, con- 

 taining about as much protein as wheat, 11 per ct. fat, and not over 

 13 per ct. fiber. It may form half the concentrates for horses and 

 mules, is satisfactory for fattening steers, and may be fed to dairy cows 

 and pigs as part of the concentrates. Too large an amount injures the 

 milk of dairy cows and produces soft pork in pigs. The fat in rice 

 bran soon becomes rancid, and the feed may then be distasteful to 

 stock. 



133 



