CHAPTER XI 



MISCELLANEOUS CONCENTRATES— FEEDING STUFFS 

 CONTROL— CONDIMENTAL FOODS 



I. Cow 'S ]\IlLK AND ITS BY-PrODUCTS 



Milk is unexcelled as a food for young animals, because it contains 

 all the nutrients in proper proportion to produce rapid growth. The 

 proteins are unusually well-balanced in composition and are thus more 

 efficient for growth than those of the cereal grains. For the best profits 

 from dairying, the by-products — skim milk, buttermilk, and whey — 

 must be fed in such a manner as to secure their full value. 



Whole milk. — Because of the high value of w'hole cow's milk for 

 human food it is not commonly fed to stock, except to young calves for 

 the first few weeks. However, one should not hesitate to employ whole 

 milk for rearing an orphan foal or lamb or in fitting young stock for 

 exhibition. 



Whole milk contains from 2.5 to 4.0 per ct. protein, which consists 

 chiefly of casein, with 0.4 to 0.9 per ct. albumin and traces of other 

 proteins. It carries from 4 to 5 per ct. of milk sugar, a carbohydrate, 

 which is onl}' slightly sweet and has about the same feeding value as 

 starch. AVhen milk sours, some of the sugar is changed to lactic acid, 

 which curdles the casein. As is shown in Chapter XX, the fat content 

 of cow 's milk varies widely, depending chiefly on breed, individuality, 

 and the portion of the milk drawn, the strippings being much the 

 richest in fat. 



Experiments by Beach at the Connecticut (Storrs) Station^ show 

 that for calves, lambs, and pigs milk rich in fat is less valuable per 

 pound of total diy matter than milk poor in fat, or even skim milk. 

 Rich milk may cause digestive troubles, especially with very young 

 animals. 



Skim milk. — Being rich in protein and mineral matter, skim milk 

 excels in building the muscles and bones of young animals. Separator 

 skim milk contains 3.8 per ct. protein, 5.2 per ct. nitrogen-free extract, 

 and 0.1 to 0.2 per ct. fat. It is thus a protein-rich feed, having the 

 narrow nutritive ratio of 1 :1.5. Therefore, even for young animals it 



iConn. (Storrs) Bui. 31. 



146 



