MISCELLANEOUS CONCENTRATES 149 



especially eolts. If much bone is present, the product is termed meat- 

 and-bone meal. This is used chiefly for poultry. The lower grades 

 of tankage are sometimes adulterated with hair or peat. 



Meat scrap. — Meat scrap, used for poultry feeding, consists chiefly 

 of meat trimmings which have been cooked to extract as much of the 

 fat as possible and then ground to varjang degrees of fineness. It 

 resembles tankage in composition, the content of protein and mineral 

 matter varj-ing quite widely, clue chiefly to the amount of bone present. 



Pork cracklings. — This residue from the manufacture of lard is not 



Fig. 43. — A Portion op the Union Stock Yards at Chicago 



The Chicago Union Stock Yards occupy an area of 500 acres, and have 25 miles 

 of streets and 300 miles of railway tracks. The vards would hold at one time 

 75,000 cattle, 125,000 sheep, 300,000 hogs, and 6,000 horses and mules. Some of 

 the large packing plants may be seen in the background at the right. 



commonly found on the market but may often be obtained cheaply 

 from local slaughter houses. Pork cracklings contain over 30 per ct. 

 fat and about 7 per ct. less protein than the best grades of tankage. 

 They are fully as valuable as tankage for swine. 



Blood meal. — Blood meal or dried blood (sometimes called blood 

 flour when finely ground) carries over 80 per ct. protein, but no bone, 

 and is therefore low in ash. It is usually high in price and is not fed 

 extensively except to young pigs or calves as a milk substitute, and to 

 sickly animals. One to 2 lbs. per head daily has been found satis- 

 factory for dairy cows. 



Dried fish; fish meal. — In Europe dried fish and fish meal, which 

 are nearly as high in protein as tankage, are often used for feeding 

 stock. Given in reasonable amounts to dairy cows, they have no bad 

 effect on the milk. 



