DISSECTION OF THE ABDOMEN. 315 



The Ligament of the Caudate Lobe is a small peritoneal fold passing 

 between the anterior end of the right kidney and the lobulus caudatus. 



The Coronary Ligament. — If all the preceding ligaments be cut, and 

 an attempt made to pull the liver out of position, it will be found that 

 the ghand is still finally attached to the diaphragm by its anterior face. 

 This adhesion takes place over an area that is traversed by the anterior 

 fissure lodging the vena cava, and the peritoneum in passing between 

 the gland and the phrenic centre on each side of this area constitutes 

 the coronary ligament. 



Directions. — The coeliac trunk and its branches must now be prepared ; 

 and, coincidently with this, the bile duct, portal vein, and solar plexus 

 must be dissected. The portal vein will be found passing through 

 the pancreas to the transverse fissure; and emerging from the fissure, 

 below the vein, is the bile duct, which passes to open into the duodenum 

 close by the principal pancreatic duct. The coeliac axis is concealed 

 by the pancreas, which must be carefully raised by dissection at its 

 anterior border, and pulled backwards. The same dissection will 

 expose the semilunar ganglia and the solar plexus, whose branches are 

 to be traced in company Avith the arteries. In dissecting the vessels, 

 the student will meet the lymphatic glands of the stomach, spleen, and 

 liver. 



Lymphatics. The glands of the stomach form two groups, viz., (1) 

 a few large glands situated at the lesser curvature, and (2) a number of 

 smaller glands placed at the greater cm-vature. The glands of the 

 liver also form two groups, viz., (1) a nixmber situated in the posterior 

 fissure, and (2) a group, between the portal vein and the pancreas. 

 The glands of the spleen are placed on the course of the splenic vessels. 

 The lymphatic vessels emanating from the stomach, liver, and spleen 

 traverse these groups of glands; and after anastomosing with each 

 other, they pass to the thoracic duct. 



The Bile Duct. This is the main duct for the conveyance of the 

 bile from the liver to the intestine. It is formed at the portal fissure 

 of the liver, by the union of secondary branches from the three principal 

 lobes, and it passes between the layers of the gastro-hepatic omentum to 

 penetrate the wall of the duodenum, about six inches from the pylorus. 

 The excretory apparatus of the horse's liver has the peculiarity — shared 

 by a few other animals — of being without a gall-bladder. 



The Cceliac Axis (Plates 43 and 44) is a collateral branch of the 

 abdominal aorta, arising from the inferior face of that vessel between 

 the pillars of the diaphragm. It is less than an inch in length, and it 

 divides into three branches : the gastric trunk, the hepatic artery, and 

 the splenic artery. 



The Hepatic Artery is directed obliquely forwards, downwards, and 

 to the right, to gain the posterior fissure of the liver, which it penetrates 



