160 



isSYOLOGY, 



these fasciae have distinct muscles for rendering them tense, a» 

 the tensor fasciae latse. Fasciae are also found in connection 

 with the walls of cavities, as in the pelvis. 



In the limbs, where the muscular bellies form lengthy masses, 

 with long tendons attached at considerable distances, there would 

 be considerable displacement during motion, were it not that in 

 these parts the fascia is very strong, enclosing the body of each 

 muscle in a sheath, as also each group of muscles. 



MUSCULAK NOMENCLATURE. 



Musculai" nomenclature • is unsatisfactory and confused, some 

 muscles being named from their form, as Trapezium, Rhomboideus, 

 Scalenus ; others from their use, as Flexor, Extensor, Adductor, 

 Abductor, &c. ; some from their direction, as Rectus, Transversus, 

 Obliquus ; others from their situation, as Temporalis, Peroneus, 

 Subscapularis ; some again from their attachments, as Stemo- 

 maxillaris, Coraco-radialis, and Stylo-hyoideus ; and some from 

 their homologues in the human subject. A muscle may have a 

 physiological name expressing its use, and an anatomical one 

 alluding to some feature in its morphology ; but perhaps the most 

 satisfactory system of nomenclature is that which names muscles 

 from their attachments. 



Muscles vary so much in shape that no classification of them 

 can be based on that feature. Some of them, however, present 

 such marked features that certain terms are used to describe their 

 form. Thus, biceps and triceps express a two or three-headed 

 muscle ; a diagastric muscle has two bellies, joined by a mesian 

 tendon ; a radiating^ muscle consists of bundles diverging from a 

 point of attachment ; ia pen/niform muscle resembles a feather in 

 shape, and a semipenniform one the lateral half of the same, the 

 tendon corresponding to the axis or scapus of the feather. 



In the descriptions of muscles which follow, the names printed 

 in small capitals are those most commonly in use in Great 

 Britain, whereas the names below, and in italics, are almost 

 uniformly anatomical, expressing in most cases the places of 

 attachment of the muscles, — a nomenclature more valuable 

 though less current than the one in use. 



CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES. 



Either an Anatomical or Physiological mode of classification 

 can be applied to the muscular system, but the former is of 

 course the one adopted here. Again, muscles may be classed 



