OMNIVORA SUBCUTANEOUS REGION. 263 



communis is also an approximator, ■while the proprii are divertors or expansoi-s 

 of the digits. The flexor perforatus is a double muscle, but unites to form a 

 single tendon, which divides, and each part behaves as the single portion in 

 the horse, being however assisted in the formation of the sheaths for the per- 

 forans tendons by two strong slips from the suspensory ligament, which corre- 

 spond to the check ligament. In effect the check ligament may be said to be 

 attached in the ruminant to the perforatus tendon only. The tendon of the 

 flexor perforans also divides, the two parts passing through the sheaths formed 

 as above described, and terminating in a similar manner to that of the horse,, 

 becoming however blended with the plantar cushion of the foot, and the 

 inferior interdigital ligament. 



Pelvic Limb. 



The gluteus externus is intimately blended with the triceps abductor. The 

 maximus is nearly covered by the above compound muscle and that of the 

 fascia lata, and is smaller than in the horse, while the internus, on the other 

 hand, is larger. The tensor fascice latcs and triceps abductor become firmly 

 united over the region of the trochanter major, the former muscle being largely 

 developed, while the latter has no femoral attachment. The rectus parvus is 

 wanting. 



The biceps rotator tibialis has no sacral origin. There is no pyriformis 

 muscle, but a muscle has been described, pursuing a similar course outcide the 

 pelvis, .and so far corresponding to it. The tendon of the obturator internus 

 passes through the obturator foramen. 



The fibrous portion of the flexor metatarsi, and the extensor pedis of the horse 

 have in the ox a common tendon of origin, giving rise to three large muscles 

 of which the external one is the extensor communis digitorum, and the internal 

 the extensor proprius internus, the tendons of these two terminating as in the 

 anterior limb. The third muscle, situated before, and somewhat to the inner 

 side of the others, is a flexor of the metatarsus, and represents the fibrous portion 

 of the flexor metatarsi in the horse, forming a sheath or ring through which 

 passes the tendon of the tibialis anticus, a muscle rejjresenting the fleshy portion 

 of the same. 



The peroneus becomes the extensor proprius externus, and is attached distally 

 as in the fore limb. A muscle which has no representative in the horse is one 

 which has been named the peroneus longus lateralis. It arises, deeply seated, 

 from the external part of the head of the tibia, and terminates in a long slender 

 tendon which winds obliquely over that of the proprius externus at the tarsal 

 joint, and after pursuing a tortuous course round the outside of the joint, is 

 inserted to the small cuneiform and metatarsal bones. 



The flexor perforatus of the ruminant is thicker in the fleshy portion than that 

 of the lioise, and the flexor perforans is more clearly divisable into two parts. 



OMNIVORA. 

 Subcutaneous Region. 

 In the hog the cervical portion of the panniculus carnosus is double, one part 

 arising from the cariniform cartilage of the sternum, and the other from the 



