CHAPTER X 

 DESIGN OF STRUCTURES IN RELATION TO LANDSCAPE 



Buildings in relation to landscape — Buildings subordinate to natural character 



— Buildings dominating landscape — Form relations of buildings and landscape 

 surroundings — Building groups — Texture relations — Color relations — 

 Shelters and pavilions — Terraces — Parapets — Retaining walls — Terrace 

 banks — Steps — In formal design — In naturalistic design — Walls and fences 



— Walls : materials and decoration — Fences, lattices, and grilles — Gateways 

 AND gates — Statuary — Its value among decorative objects in design — Its 

 setting in landscape composition — Architectural and sculptural water 

 features — Grottoes and wall fountains — Cascades — Water-ramps — Free- 

 standing fountains — Pools and basins — Bridges — Their forms and materials — 

 Roads and paths — Roads in naturalistic landscape — Form of roads — Road 

 intersections — Views of and from roads — Planting and roads — Paths in natu- 

 ralistic design — Form of paths — Roads in formal design — Paths in formal 

 design — Materials of roads and paths. 



In determining the esthetic relation of a building to the landscape Buildings in 

 of which it forms a part, the designer must first decide whether as a ^ J'°'"' ^ 

 whole the particular scene is to be considered as expressing the char- 

 acter of a natural landscape, or whether, on the other hand, it should 

 express by its style the dominance and the directing will of man. 



If a landscape character is to be dominant In the scene, then the Buildings 

 building must be In some way subordinated. It may still be the center f "J^'^, "^ 

 of the composition. Indeed It may still be more Interesting than any Character 

 other one thing in the composition, but the scene should give the effect 

 that the building Is related harmoniously to a landscape which as a 

 whole expresses its own natural character. The building may excep- 

 tionally be made harmonious with the landscape In form ; It may have 

 an irregular shape, perhaps a rounded thatched roof (see Drawing VII, 

 opp. p. 50), and It may be closely fitted to irregularities of the ground. 

 (See Drawing XXIV, opp. p. 192, and also Plate 36, for adaptation of 



189 



