348 LANDSCAPE DESIGN 



To do all this, we plainly must be able to make things as shown on 

 plan look similar or different, or dominant or subordinate, by some 

 means other than their size and shape, for these are fixed by the size 

 and shape of the objects represented, and merely to represent these 

 objects accurately to scale may not place them in their true relative 

 importance. 



To express these differences on a flat plan we must depend on the 

 variations which we can play on the character of the line in our draw- 

 ing, and on the value, color, and intensity of color of the areas on plan.* 

 But we must not in doing this come to the end of our control of the 

 effect of our drawing ; that is, it must still be possible by proper manage- 

 ment of character of line, of value, color, intensity of color — any, or 

 all of these — to produce unity of appearance in the drawing. Which 

 of these characteristics of our drawing we shall turn to account prin- 

 cipally in expressing our idea of the completed construction, and which 

 of the characteristics we shall use chiefly in beautifying the drawing 

 itself, is a new problem in each case. 



In general, differentiation of objects is best expressed by color of 

 area and character of line, for with these we can represent the various 

 characteristics of objects : size, shape, texture, and color. Houses, 

 fences, walls, steps, and other architectural constructions may be repre- 

 sented by ruled lines. Roads, where their form or flow of curve is to 

 be emphasized, may be drawn in definite line by the aid of a French 

 curve. Trees, shrubbery, and herbaceous plants may be represented 

 in their loose and indefinite texture by a crumbly or otherwise indefi- 

 nite freehand line, usually with a specific difference in its irregularity, 

 in scale with the plants represented in each case. Roads, paths, and 

 other things may be shown by an indefinite line, when not designed to 

 be self-assertive in their effect, or in some cases when not definitely 

 decided on as to form or location. In construction plans, the difference 

 between the freehand and the ruled lines may represent the difference 

 between existing and proposed objects or surfaces. 



A consistent use of one kind of line suggesting the loose texture of 

 foliage growth, and one general color — usually suggesting green — to 

 represent trees, in connection with another character of line and an- 



♦ Cf. Chapter VII, p. io6. 



