MUSCLES OF THE TRUNK. 



245 



mastoido-humeralis is removed, leaving only the cervical insertions of the latter muscle ; then 

 the limb is removed by sawing through the scapula beneath the insertions of the angularis 

 and serratus magnus, as in Fig. 162. But as neitlier the cervical or dorsal insertions 

 of the splenius are exposed, it is necessary to proceed to the second part of the operation by 

 removing the rhomboideus, angularis, and the superior extremity of the shoulder. To prepare 

 the third layer, which comprises the great and small complexus, it is sufficient to excise the 

 splenius, in following the direction of the neck, and to turn upwards and downwards the two 

 portions of the muscle (see Fig. 162). Lastly, the deep layer — the semispinalis and iutertrans- 

 versalis, oblique, and posterior straight muscles, as well as the cervical ligament — is 

 by removing the complexus and longissimus dursi muscles (see Fig. 162). 



First Layer. 



Cervical Portion of the Trapezius. 



for description of this muscle, see 



Region of the Back and Loins. 



Second Layer. 

 Rhomboideus (Figs. 158, 6 



162, 1, 2.) 



Synonyms. — Described by Bourgelat as two muscles, the "proper elevator of the shoulder and 

 the rhomboideus, these were termed by Girard the cervico-subscapularis and dorso-subscapularis. 

 (This is the rhomboideus longus and brevis of Percivall, and the dor so- scapular is and cervico- 

 euhscapularis of Leyh.) 



Form — Situation — Direction. — This muscle has the form of a very elongated 

 triangle, and is situated at the inner aspect of the cervical trapezius and the 



Fig. 158. 



LATERAL VIEW OF THE NECK; SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES. 



1, 1, Parotid gland ; 2, sterno-maxillaris, and, 14, its junction with its fellow of the opposite side, 

 3, 4, mastoido-humeralis, or levator humeri; 5. splenius; 6, rhomboideus; 7, funicular portion 

 of the cervical ligament, or ligamentum colli; 8, angularis of the scapula; 9, supra- or antea- 

 spmatus; 10, trapezius; 11, infra- or postea-spinatus ; 12, jugular vein; 13, subscapulo- 

 hyoideiis; 15, trachea. 



scapular cartilage, beneath the cervical ligament, the direction of which it follows. 



Structure— Attachments.— It is composed of thick fleshy fasciculi, the anterior 



of which are obhque downwards and backwards, the posterior passing directly 



