246 THE MUSCLES. 



downwards. These fasciculi are fixed by their superior extremity to the funicular 

 portion of the cervical ligament and the summits of the spinous processes of the 

 four or five dorsal vertebrae succeeding the first— Jixed insertion ; by their inferior 

 extremity, to the inner aspect of the scapular cartilage, where the anterior 

 fasciculi are confounded with those of the angularis. 



Relations. — Covered by the cervical portion of the trapezius, the scapular 

 cartilage, and the alponeurosis of the latissimus doi-si muscle, the rhomboideus 

 covers the sphenius, which is excavated near its superior border for its reception, 

 as well as the aponeurosis of the sen-atus auticus muscle through the medium of a 

 yellow elastic layer. 



Action. — It draws the shoulder upwards and forwards. 



2. Angularis Scapula (Levator Anguli Scapula) (Figs. 159, 4 ; 162, 3). 



Synonyms. — Trachelo-subscapularis — Girard. Portion of the serratus ma.gnvis—Bourgelat. 

 Elevator of the scapula — Cuvier. (Anterior portion of the serratus magnus of Percivall. The 

 levator anguli scapulx of Man.) 



Situation — Form — Structure. — This is a very strong muscle, situated in front 

 of the shoulder, triangular, flattened on both sides, thin at its superior border, 

 thick behind and below, and almost entirely fleshy. 



Attachments. — It takes its origin from the transverse processes of the five last 

 cervical vertebras by five distinct portions, which are directed towards the scapula 

 in converging towards each other, and soon join to form a single muscular body, 

 which is inserted into the internal face of the scapula, on its anterior triangular 

 surface. 



Relations. — This muscle is confounded at its inferior border with the serratus 

 magnus. It is covered by the cervical trapezius, the mastoido-humeralis, and the 

 small pectoral muscle. It covers the splenius, the inferior branch of the latissimus 

 dorsi, and transversalis costarum. Near its junction with the serratus magnus, its 

 internal face adheres very closely to the transverse processes of the three first dorsal 

 vertebrae . 



Action. — It draws forward the superior extremity of the scapula, while the 

 humeral angle is carried backwards. If the shoulder becomes the fixed point, it 

 can act in the extension or lateral inclination of the neck. 



3. Splenius (Figs. 162, 4, 5 ; 163, 10). 



Synonyms. — Cervico-trachelian — Girard. 



Form — Situation. — A considerable muscle, flattened on both sides, triangular, 

 and comprised between the cord of the cervical ligament, the inferior branch of 

 the latissimus dorsi, and the transvei-se processes of the four first cervical ribs. 



Structure. — The splenius, aponeurotic only at its periphery, is composed of 

 thick fleshy fasciculi which are all directed forwards and upwards, to reach the 

 head and the first cervical vertebrae. 



Attachments. — It is fixed, by its posterior border, to the lip of the cei*vical 

 ligament and the summits of the spinous processes of the first dorsal vertebrae, 

 by means of an aponeurosis which is continuous behind with that of the 

 serratus anticus, and confounded, by its inner surface, with that of the 

 complexus. Its anterior border is cut into four or five digitations, which 

 constitute the movable insertions of the muscle. The superior digitation is 

 the widest and thinnest, and terminates in an aponeurosis (Fig. 162, 5), which 



