250 TBE MUSCLES. 



Fourth Layer. 

 6. Spinalis oe Semispinalis Colli (Fig. 161, 4). 



Synonyms.— ^hoxi spinous — Bourgelat. Dorso-spinalis— Gerard. (Spinalis colli— Percivall 

 Transversali* colli of Man.) 



Situation. — Between the complexus and the cervical ligament, on the laminae 

 of the last five vertebrae of the neck. 



Form — Structure — Attachments. — This muscle, a continuation in the cervical 

 region of that of the back and loins, is generally formed of five thick and short 

 fasciculi, strongly aponeurotic, directed forwards, upwards, and inwards. 



These fasciculi, attached by their posterior extremities^^icff/ insertion — to 

 the five last articular tubercles of the cervical region, are fixed by their anterior 

 or superior extremities — movable insertion — into the sixth, fifth, fourth, third, 

 and second spinous processes of that region. 



Relations. — Outwards, with the complexus ; inwards, with the superior branch 

 of the longissimus dorsi and the cervical ligament. By its anterior face, with 

 the laminae of the cervical vertebrae and the interlamellar ligaments. 



Action. — An extensor and flexor of the cervical spine. 



7. Intertransversales Colli (Fig. 162,. 9). 



Synonyms. — Intercervicals — Girard. (The intertransversales of Man- Not mentioned by 

 Percivall.) 



These are six small, short, and very tendinous fasciculi, each of which is 

 doubled into two secondary fasciculi, a superior and inferior. They are lodged 

 in the lateral excavations comprised within the transverse and articular processes 

 of the cervical vertebrse, and are carried from one vertebra to another, except 

 from the first to the second. Covered by the cervical attachments of the 

 majority of the muscles of the neck, they cover the vertebrae to which they 

 are attached, -as well as the vertebral arteries and veins, and the intervertebral 

 foramina. They incline the neck to the side. 



8. Obliquus Capitis Anticus or Inferioris (Fig. 161, 7). 



Synonym, — Axoido-atloideus — Girard, 



Form — Direction — Situation. — A short, thick, and broad muscle, oblique 

 forwards and outwardly, and applied to the superior face of the two first vertebrae 

 of the neck. 



Structure and Attachments. — Its fibres are nearly all fleshy, parallel to each 

 other, and longer as they become superficial ; they are attached by their posterior 

 extremityr-^cce^ insertion — to the external face of the spinous process of the axis, 

 and by their anterior extremity — movable insertion — to the superior surface of the 

 transverse process of the atlas. 



Relatiotis. — Outwards, with the splenius, the complexus and trachelo-mas- 

 toideus ; inwards, with the atlas, the axis, and the atlo-axoid articulation ; above, 

 with the posterior straight muscles of the head ; below, with the anterior great 

 straight muscle. 



we have thought it proper to give it that name. With regard to the muscle generally termed 

 the complexus minor by veterinary anatomists, following the example of Meckel we will describe 

 it as a portion of the rectus capitis anticus major. 



(Percivall names Girard's axnido-occipitalis longus the " complexus minor," and his dorso- 

 mastvideus the " ti achelo-mastoideus." Leyh, following Girard, designates the latter muscle 

 the dorso-mastoideus.) 



