MUSCLES OF TEE ANTERIOR LIMBS. 



Fig. 185. 



The lateral extensor of the phalanges of Ruminants is thicker than in the Horse, and con- 

 stitutes tlie proper extensor of the external digit (Fig. 185, 5). Its terminal tendon (4', 6, 7) 

 comports itself exactly the same as thnt of the proper extensor of the internal digit, and, con- 

 sequently, does not merit special description. We may remark, 

 with Lecoq, that tiiese two muscles separate the digits from 

 each other in extending tliem; they are, therefore, to a certain 

 point, antagonists of the common extensor. 



The oblique flexor of the metacarpus in the Camel has a 

 very thin ulnar portion, rather aponeurotic tliau muscular. 

 The inferior tendon of that muscle, at its insertion into the pisi- 

 form bone, detaches a baud to the internal border of the carpus. 

 In this animal, the internal flexor is attached to the superior 

 extremity <>f the internal border of the metacarpus. 



The perforatus of the Ox and Sheep is composed of two por- 

 tions, the tendons of which unite towards the middle of tlie 

 metacarpal region. The single tendon (Fig. 186, 1, 2, 3) which 

 results from this union afterwards divides into two branches, 

 each of which comports itself, in regard to the digits, as the 

 single perforatus tendon does in the Horse, except tliat they 

 receive from the suspensory ligament a fibrous band analogous 

 to that which, in Solipeds, goes to the perforans tendon. This 

 band (Fig. 185, 13) concurs in the formation of the annular 

 ligament through which the latter tendon passes. 



In the Camel, the muscular portion of tiie perforatus is not 

 present, but is represented by a tendinous band, the arrangement 

 of which is curious. It arises from the common posterior liga- 

 ment of the carpus, and at its origin adheres firmly to the branch 

 of the suspensory ligament of the fetlock which descends from the 

 pisiform bone ; it goes behind the perforans tendon, where it is 

 completely covered by a very strong white membrane, and about 

 the middle of the metacarpus it divides into two branches which 

 separate at a very acute angle. Each of these branches glides in 

 the sesamoidean sheath, the posterior wall of which is formed 

 by a strong layer that is attached to the sides of the suspensory 

 ligament and sesamoid bones. Below these bones, these two 

 branches bifurcate in their turn : whence results four branches, 

 which are inserted by pairs into the upper extremity of the two 

 secondary phalanges, as in the other Ruminants. 



In the Ox, tlie terminal tendon of the perforans does not 

 receive any carpal band ; this goes to the perloratus. Above the 

 fetlock, it divides into two branches, one for each digit, which, 

 after traversing the perforatus, terminates behind the inferior 

 face of the third phalanx. There it is blended with the plantar 

 cushion, the inferior interdigital ligament, and a fibrous fascia 

 already noticeil in the description of that ligament. This layer 

 arises from the aponeurosis covering the flexor tendons in the 

 metacarpal region ; it descends on the heels, behind and outside 

 the digits, remains united to that of the other digit by an in- 

 termediate fibrous fascia, and is attached to the enveloping 

 sheaths of the flexor tendons, as well as to the superior inter- 

 digital ligament. Each terminates inferiorly, in becoming 

 united to the proper extensor of the digit, the plantar cushion, 

 the inferior digital ligament, and the deep flexor of the 

 phalanges. 



There is not, properly speaking, a phalangeal reinforcing 

 sheath ; though we may consider as such the superior fasciculi 

 of the inferior interdigital ligament (Fig. 186, 6). 



Of the three portions of the perforans in the Camel, the 



MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM OP 

 THE OX (INTERNAL FACE). 



1, Anterior extensor of the 

 metacarpus ; 1', insertion of 

 its tendon ; 2, oblique ex- 

 tensor; 3, common extensor 

 of the digits ; 3', its tendon ; 

 3", termmal bifurcation of 

 that tendon ; 4, proper ex- 

 tensor of the internal digit ; 

 4', its tendon ; 5, proper 

 extensor of the external 

 digit ; 5', its tendon ; 6, its 

 branch of insertion into the 

 second phalanx ; 7, branch 

 to the third phalanx; 8, 

 external flexor of the meta- 

 carpus ; 9, olecranian por- 

 tion of the perforans ; 10, 

 tendon of the perforans ; 



11, tendon of the perforatus; 



12, suspensory ligament of 

 the fetlock; 13, the band 

 it furnishes to the per- 

 foratus to form the ring through which the perforans passes ; 14, the external band it gives 

 off to the proper extensor of the external digit ; 15, flexor brachii ; 16, anterior brachial ; 17, 



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