MUSCLES OF THE POSTERIOR LIMBS. 



377 



Comparison of the Muscles of the Foot in Man with those of Animals. 



In Man, there are distinguished the muscles of the dorsal region, the plantar region, and 

 the interosseus muscles. 



I. Dorsal Eegion. 



This only contains one muscle, the pedal {extensor hrevis digitorum). It is attached, 

 behind, to the antero-external part of the upper face of the os calcis, by several aponeurotic 

 layers ; its fleshy fasciculi, four in number, are prolonged by as many tendons destined to the 

 first four toes ; three of them pass along with the tendons of the common extensor. 



2. Plantar Region. 



This is subdivided into three regions : a middle, internal, and external. 



The first comprises : 1, The common short flexor of the toes, which is represeuted in Soli- 



Fig. 209. 



FIRST LAYER OF PLANTAR MUSCLES OF 

 HUMAN FOOT. 



1, Os calcis ; 2, posterior part of plantar fascia 

 divided transversely ; 3, abductor pollicis ; 

 4, abductor minimi digitii ; 5, flexor 

 brevis digitorum ; 6, tendon of flexor 

 longus pollicis ; 7, 7, lumbricales. 



THIRD AND PART OF SECOND LATER OF 

 PLANTAR MUSCLES OF HUMAN FOOT. 



1, Incised plantar fascia ; 2, musculus acces- 

 sorius; 3, tendon of flexor longus digi- 

 torum ; tendon of flexor longus pollicis ; 

 5, flexor brevis pollicis ; 6, adductor pol- 

 licis ; 7, flexor brevis minimi digitii ; 8, 

 transversus pedis ; 9, interossei muscles, 

 plantar and dorsal ; 10, convex ridge 

 formed by the tendon of the peroneus lon- 

 gus in its oblique course across the foot. 



peds by a portion of the perforatus. It is attached to the infero-internal tuberosity of the 

 03 calcis, and to the upper face of the middle plantar aponeurosis. It has four tendons, which 

 are inserted into the second phalanges of the first four toes, after forming rings through which 

 pass the tendons of the common long flexor. 



2. The accessory of the long flexor, the fibres of which pass to the tendons of the common 

 flexor. 



3. The lumbrici, four in number, and analogous to those of the hand. 



The internal plantar region is composed of three muscles, which are found in a rudimentary 

 condition in the Dog. 



L The short adductor of the great toe, which extends fiom the internal tuberosity of the os 

 calcis to the internal sesamoid and the first phalanx of the great toe. 



