THE MOUTH. 



426 



very developed, are situated in the two large depressions formed on the sides of the soft palate 

 by the folding of the mucous membrane.) 



In the Camel, however, the soft palate is very developed, and the channel between the 

 mouth and pharynx narrow and long. The anterior pillars ascend on the corresponding face 

 of the curtain, which has a pyramidal, soft, relaxed appendage, granular on the surface, very 

 movable, and with its base forwards ; on each side of its summit, tliis appendage has two 

 prolongations curving outwards, aud below them a small sinus or diverticulum; on the borders 



Fig. 235. 



Fig. 236. 



0:^S INCISOR TOOTH. 



a, Free portion, external face, outer 

 border ; a', ibid., internal face, outer 

 border ; b, root ; c, neck ; /, an- 

 terior border ; g, g', inner border. 



are racemose glands, which raise the 

 mucous membrane. The latter is of 

 a dark colour, like the cheeks and 

 palate. 



6. Teeth.— The teeth of the Ox are 

 thirty-two in number, twenty-f ur of 

 which are molars, arranged as in the 

 Horse, and eight incisors belonging 

 to the lower jaw. The latter are 

 replaced in the upper jaw by a thick 

 cartilaginous pud, covered by the 

 mucous membrane of the mouth ; this 

 pad forms the gum, and furnishes a 

 bearing for the incisors of the lower 



jaw. Sometimes, as in the Horse, 



1, Upper jaw, with'aTthe friction surface, and b, the there are found supplementary molars 

 \JL^J.Jr.f.... 9 Tnwpv i=,w. With a. the dental which, if four in number, will make 



up the whole to thirty-six; though 

 they are never all present at one time 

 as the supplementary ones are shed before the molar dentition is completed. 



The composition of the Ox's teeth is the same as those of the Horse, the only difference 

 being in the arrangement of the several substances. ,. x i.^ 



Incisors.-The incisors, eight in number, are placed en clavier (like a key-board) at the 

 extremity of the kind of rounded shoulder-bone by which the maxillary bone terminates, 

 forming around this point a perfect circle when they have acquired tlieir full development. 



Instead of being fixed in the alveoli, as in Solipeds, they possess a certain degree of mobility, 

 sometimes mistaken for a diseased condition ; this is necessary, in order to prevent their wounding 

 the cartilaginous pad of the upper jaw against which they press. They are divided, accor. ling to 

 their position, into two centrals, tv^o first laterals, two second laterals, and two corner mcisors. 



Each incisor offers for consideration two parts : one free, the other encased— the root, and 

 separated by a very marked constriction-the neck. This arrangement gives to the tooth the 

 form of a shovel, the root representing the handle (Fig. 236). 



THE TEETH OF THE OX. 



external" surface ; 2, Lower jaw, with 

 tables, and b, the external face. 



