THE COMMON CAROTID ARTERIES. 669 



three portions — a deep, an intermaxillary, and a facial. The first, or deep 

 portion, accompanied in its superior moiety by the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, is 

 related, outwardly, to the internal pterygoid muscle ; inwardly, to the guttural 

 pouch, the hyo-pharyngeus, hypoglossal nerve, middle tendon of the digastricus, 

 the hyo-glossus brevis, Wharton's duct, and the subscapulo-hyoideus. The inter- 

 maxillary, or middle portion, is bordered by the glosso-facial vein, lies against 

 the pterygoideus internus, and is in contact with the submaxillary glands. The 

 facial, or terminal part, is lodged at its commencement in the maxillary fissure, 

 in front of the glosso-facial vein and the parotid duct ; it ascends with these 

 two vessels along the anterior border of the masseter, on the depressor labii 

 inferioris and buccinator muscles, beneath the subcutaneous and zygomaticus 

 muscles and the ramifications of the facial nerve, which perpendicularly crosses 

 the direction of the artery. 



Terminal Branches. — The external maxillary artery terminates in two 

 small branches which separate from each other at an obtuse angle, one being 

 directed upwards, the other downwards. The ascending branch passes to the 

 surface of the orbicularis palpebrarum, below the lachrymalis, and anastomoses 

 with the divisions of a palpebral branch emanating from the supermaxillo-dental 

 artery (Fig. 381, 19). The descmding branch goes to the false nostril and the 

 entrance to the nasal cavities, by creeping beneath the levator labii superioris 

 (Fig. 381, 20). 



Collateral Branches. — These are five principal branches : 1. The pharyn- 

 geal. 2. Lingual. 3. Sublingual ; all of which arise from the first portion of 

 the submaxillary artery. 4. The inferior and superior coronary arteries, emanat- 

 ing from the facial portion. Besides these, there are a great number of inno- 

 minate branches of secondary importance, which proceed to the neighbouring 

 parts, and principally to the maxillary gland, submaxillary glands, the masseter 

 muscle, and the muscles and integuments of the face. We will content ourselves 

 with merely noting the existence of these latter branches. 



1. Pharyngeal Artery (Fig. 381, 14). — This arises from the submaxillary, 

 at a variable distance from its origin, and sometimes even in the angle formed 

 by that vessel and the external carotid artery. Whatever may be its commence- 

 ment, it is always directed forwards, passes between the hyo-pharyngeus muscle 

 and the great cornu of the hyoid bone, and, describing some flexuosities, goes 

 towards the pterygoid process, beneath the elastic layer which covers the pterygo- 

 pharyngeus muscle. It terminates in the soft palate, after giving off on its 

 course ascending and descending branches, which expend themselves in the walls 

 of the pharynx. 



2. Lingual Artery (Fig. 381, 15). — As considerable in volume as the 

 parent branch, this artery is detached at an acute angle from it, at the extremity 

 of the hyoid cornu. With the glosso-pharyngeal nerve, it passes beneath the 

 hyo-glossal muscle, crossing the small branch of the os hyoides, and extends to 

 the extremity of the tongue by gliding in the interstice between the genio-glossus 



coronary, or superior labial artery ; 19, superior terminal branch of the external maxillary 

 artery; 20, inferior terminal branch of ditto ; 21, maxillo-muscular artery; 22, 23, posterior 

 auricular artery; 24, superficial temporal artery; 25, subzygomatic artery; 26, inferior auricular 

 artery; 27, internal maxillary artery; 28, inferior dental artery; 29, fasciculi of pterygoid 

 arteries; 30, tympanic artery; 31, spheno-spinous artery; 32, deep posterior temporal artery; 

 33, deep anterior temporal artery; 34, ophthalmic artery; 35, supra-orbital artery; 36, lachrymal 

 artery ; 37, buccal artery ; 38, palatine artery ; 39, superior dental arteri 40, orbital branch of 

 that vessel, 



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