THE NERVES. 



Comparison of the Cranial Nerves of Man with those of Animals. 



The few modifications offered by the cranial nerves of Man, when compared with those of 

 animals, are dictated by the dispositiou of tlie [larts and organs to which tliey are distributed. 



We have spoken of the ulfactury lobes when studying the brain, so that we need not again 

 refer to them. The three succeeding nerves offer nothing worthy of mention. 



Trigeminal nerve. — This has the same origin and divisions as in animals. 



The frontal nerve of the ophthalmic portion divides into two branches; these are inflected 

 upwards on the margin of the orbit, and distributed to the skin of the forehead. These two 

 branches— well developed in the Dog— are distinguished as internal and external. The latter 

 anastomoses with a brancli of the facial. TJie nasal nerve, after spreading over the surface of 

 the turbinated bones and tiie meatus, gives off a ramuscule that becomes subcutaneous in 



Fig. 462. 



NERVES OF THE FACE AND SCALP. 



, Attrahens aurem muscle; 2, anterior belly of occipito-frontalis ; 3, auriculo-temporal nerve; 

 4, temporal branches of facial; 5, attolens aurem muscle; 6, supra-trochleav (5th); 7, posterior 

 belly of occipito-frontalis ; 8, supra-orbital ; 9, retrahens aurem muscle; 10, temporal branch of 

 temporo-orbital ; 11, small occipital ; 12, malar branches of facial ; 13, posterior auricular (7th) ; 

 14, malar branch of temporo-malar (5) ; 15, great occipital ; 16, infra-orbital branches of facial ; 

 17, facial; 18, nasal; 19, cervico-facial division of 7th ; 20, iufra-orbital ; 21, branches of digastric 

 and stylo-hyoid ; 22, temporo-facial division of 7th ; 23, great auricular ; 24, buccal branches of 

 facial; 25, trapezius muscle ; 26, buccinator (5th) ; 27, splenius capitis ; 28, masseter; 29, sterno- 

 mastoideus ; 30, superma.xillary branches of facial nerve ; 31, superficial cervical ; 32, mental ; 

 33, platysma muscle ; 34, submaxillary branches of facial nerve. 



passing between the inferior border of the nasal bone and cartilage of the nostril ; this is the 

 naeo-lobular nerve. 



The superior maxillary nerve leaves the cranium by the foramen rotundum. reaches the 

 suborbital furrow, and spreads over the face by suborbital branches. Like thnt of animals, it 

 gives rise to an orbital ramuscule, and posterior and anterior dental branches. Differences 

 appear in the other branches which are furnished, in animflls, by the superior maxillarv nerve; 

 in Man these branches leave Meckel's ganglion. The filaments leaving this ganglion are; 

 1. The pharyngeal nerve of Bock, which is distributed in the upper portion of the mucous 

 membrane of the pharynx, in that of the Eustachian tube, and the posterinr orifice of the 

 nasal cavities. 2. The palatine nerves — great or antenor— sent to the mucous membrane of 



