852 THE NERVES. 



nerve is detached near the base of the cranium. 3. The superficial temporal uerve fumishea — 

 independently of the filaments uniting it to the facial — an auriculo-temporal branch that 

 ascends iu front of the ear, and terminates in the skin of the temporal region. 



In Man, there is annexed to the fifth pair the submaxillary ganglion, which receives a 

 sensitive branch from the lingual, a motor filament from the chorda tympani, and sympathetic 

 filaments; it gives off several emergent filaments, nearly all of which pass into the maxillary 

 gland. There is nothing to say of the internal motores ocuhrum. 



Facial. — In its collateral branches, the facial nerve of Man is absolutely the same as in 

 animals. It has, however, a brunch not described in them — the ramuscule of Hirsch/eld, which 

 reaches the base of the tongue, where it is distributed by mixing with the glosso-pharyngeal. 

 The termination much resembles that of the Dog. Two principal brandies have been named 

 the temporo-facial and the cervico-facial. The first receives the superficial temporal nerve, and 

 describes an arch from which are detached the temporal, frontal, palpebral, suborbital, and 

 buccal ramuscules, which form the subparotideal plexus. The second, lodged in the parotid 

 gland, passes towards the angle of the jaw, where it anastomoses with the cervical plexus ; it 

 furnishes the inferior buccal, mental, and cervical branches. 



Glosso-pharyngeal. — This nerve commences and terminates as in Solipeds, and has the same 

 relations. It furnishes tlie branches of the digastric and stylo-hyoid muscles, the filament of the 

 stylo-glossus muscle, and, finally, the tonailitic ramuscules that form, around the amygdala, the 

 tonsilar plexus. 



Pneumogastric. — Formed by the union of the sensitive roots, the pneumogastric leaves the 

 cranial cavity bj' the posterior foramen lacerum ; in the interior of that foramen it, shows the 

 jugular ganglion ; a little lower, it has a second fusiform enlargement— the gangliform plexus— 

 which is found in the Dog. Here it receives the internal branch of the spinal accessory, or 

 otherwise its motor roots. Beyond this gangliform enlarjjement, the pneumogastric is placed 

 a little within the sympathetic, descends along the neck, enters the chest, and terminates on 

 the stomach and in the solar plexus. The relations of the two pneumogastrics in the thoracic 

 cavity are the same as in animals. In terminating in the semilunar ganglion, the two pneu- 

 mogastrics unite and form an arch named the memorable loop of Wrisberg. 



The Viirious anastomoses of the pneumogastric iu Man cflfer nothing particular. 



The pharyngeal branches leave the gangliform plexus, and are constituted by the filaments 

 carried to the pneumogastric by the internal root of the spinal accessory. They are two, three, 

 or four in number, and form the pharyngeal plexus. 



The superior laryngeal nerve also arises from the gangliform plexus, and oflfers, as in 

 Ruminants, a Galien branch that anastomoses, end to end, with a branch of tiie inferior 

 laryngeal. The external laryngeal is furnished by this nerve; it is distributed to the inferior 

 constrictor muscle of the pharynx, the crico-thyroid muscle, and the mucous membrane of the 

 subglottic portion of the larynx and the ventricle of the glottis. 



The recurrent nerves aflfect a distribution analogous to that already made known. 



The pneumogastric also gives cardiac, pulmonary, and oesophageal branches. The cardiao 

 lie beside those coming from the sympathetic and recurrents, and enter the ganglion of 

 "Wrisberg, situated at the base of the heart. The oesophageal branches are remarkable for 

 their number and complexity, and form a veritable oesophageal plexus. The gastric branches 

 are also very numerous. 



Spinal accessory, — It presents bulbous roots which are well known, and medullary roots 

 which usually extend to the fifth cervical, and sometimes to the first dorsal. After its exit 

 from the posterior foramen lacerum, it divides into two branches— an internal and externaL 

 The internal branch, formed by the bulbous roots, enters the gangliform plexus of the pneu- 

 mogastric. The external branch comports itself as in animals. 



The hypoglossal resembles that of Carnivora, and, like it, possesses a branch for th« 

 hyo-thyroideus and genio-hyoideus. 



