980 GENERATIVE APPARATUS, 



indeed, iu these animals they rather appear to be organs for the secretion of a milky liquid 

 that is mixed with the semen, than reservoirs for the fecundating material, as that fluid never 

 coataius any spermatozoa.) There are two prostates: one disposed as in the Ox; the other 

 placed across the neck of the bladder, as in Solipeds. The penis resembles that of Ruminants, 

 except in tlie absence of the muscles of the prepuce ; it has also a particular preputial sheath, 

 which lias been studied by Lacauchie. (When flaccid, the penis of the Pig is twisted in a 

 spiral manner at the extremity. The prepuce is narrow, and longer than in Ruminants. At 

 the upper part of its opening is the special poucli mentioned by Chauveau, and which is formed 

 by a fold of the skin. It opens into the prepuce, and secretes, in the Boar, an unctuous fluid, 

 possessing a particularly disagreeable smell, and which is mixed with the urine. The odour 

 of the secretion even taints tlie flesh of this creature.) 



Carnivora. — The testicles of the Cat are formed like, and placed in the same situation as, 

 those of the Pig ; those of the Dog are more oval, and are pendent. 



The Carnivora have no vesicals seininales. Tlie prostate gland surrounds the neck of the 

 bladder; it is of a yellow colour, concave on its upper surface, and divided into two lateral 

 lobes on its lower face. Cowper's glands are absent in tlie Dog ; they exist in the Cat (in 

 which they are very small, and excrete their secretion by separate efferent canals). The urethra 

 (in its pelvic portion) is very long; towards the ischial arch it shows an enlargement or bulb, 

 though this is less, proportionately, than in the Ox; the accelerator urinae muscle is continued 

 for a longer di-stance around it. (The spongy portion is thinner in the Cat than iu the Dog.) 



" In the Dog, the jjents is long and pointed. The posterior half is constituted by the 

 corpus cavernosum, which is little developed, and has not a complete middle septum. The 

 anterior moiety has for its base a bone, found in several other manimifers, which is intended to 

 favour the introduction of the penis into the genital organs of tiie female. 



" The penien or penial bone is elongated, conical, and incurvated, so as to constitute a furrow 

 inferiorly, in which is lodged the urethra when it leaves the fibrous chaimel of the corpus 

 cavernosum; its apex, anteriorly, partly forms the point of the penis; its base is intimately 

 united to the anterior portion of the corpus cavernosum; the median septum, which is very 

 dense, is fixed in this bone, as is the fibrous envelope which mixes with its periosteum. 



" The penial bone almost entirely constitutes the base of all that portion of the penis 

 Included within the sheath ; in addition, this part possesses two distinct erectile enlargements — 

 an anterior and posterior. The first is analogous to that of the glans penis of the Horse, and 

 is formed by an expansion of the erectile tissue of the urethra ; club-shaped at its anterior 

 base, it has there a point suddenly bent downwards, beneath which is the urethral orifice ; 

 posteriorly it is thin, and partially covers the other erectile mass. Tlie latter is supplementary ; 

 it begins at the base of the free portion of the penis, where the integument of the sheath is 

 folded in a circular manner around it. From 1 to 1^ inches long, it embraces the upper border 

 and sides of the bone ; pyramidal in shape, its base, which is posterior, is from \ to l\ inches 

 thick; in front, it thins away beneath the erectile tissue of the head. 



"Such are the two erectile masses, the summits of which overlap, so that the free portion of 

 the penis, bulging in front, and still more so behind, is narrowest in the middle. Although 

 contiguous, these two vascular dilatations are independent of each other ; the posterior has, 

 likewise, no communication with the corpus cavernosum, and possesses two particular veins 

 which pass backward in the lateral groove. Each is erected separately during copulation, 

 when they assume a large size ; the great volume of tlie posterior enlargement prolongs the 

 duration of this act, until flaccidity ensues. This peculiarity is a consequence of the absence 

 of the seminal reservoirs (the vesiculae seminales). 



" In the Dog, two small muscles are found which appear to be destined to elevate the penis 

 and direct it during its introduction into the sexual parts of the female, as its erection is always 

 feeble. These are two fasciculi which proceed from the crura of the penis, and pass forward 

 to unite in a common tendon implanted on the dorsal border of the organ ; they thus resemble 

 the cord of a bow. 



" The Bubpenial muscular cords exist as in the other animals. The prepuce is narrow and 

 long, and, as in the didactyles, has protractor muscles ; the integument is thin and rose-coloured, 

 like that covering the free portion of the penis. 



" In the Cat, the penis is short, and directed backwards ; but in a state of erection it is in- 

 elined forwards for copulation. Its free portion presents some peculiarities. It is conical, and 

 its summit, near which is pierced the urethral opening, has for its basis a small incomplete 

 penial bone, that encloses a layer of erectile tissue — an expansion of that of the urethra. This 

 free portion is covered by an integument studded with somewhat rigid papillae directed back- 

 wards, and capable of being made erect during copulation. These points, which are met with 

 in nearly all the feline species, are analogous to the hairs, scales, strong spines, and even the 



