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THE GENITAL OliGANS OF THE FEMALE. 1001 



In the Sheep and Goat, there are only two mammae, as in the Mare and Ass, though they 

 are formed as in the Cow. The Goat has frequently two posterior rudimentary mammse. 



Pig. — The ovary of the Bow has a lobulated aspect, like the ovary of Birds. This appear- 

 ance is due to the ovisacs which, when they are well developed, project beyond the surface of 

 the ovarium, instead of remaining encysted in its stroma. The oviduct is less flexuous, but 

 its length is proportionately greater than in the other species. The body of the uterus is sliort, 

 but the cornua are very long and folded, and float amongst the intestinal convolutions. (Its cervix 

 does not project into the vagina, and the two cavities — vagina and uterus — are continued into 

 each otlier without any marked limit between them. The mucous membrane is very loose, 

 soft, and fine to the touch, and its surface is gathered up into numerous folds of various forms. 

 The broad ligaments resemble the mesentery, and the cornua join the Fallopian tubes without 

 any very perceptible limit.) 



The vagina shows Gsertner's canals, as in the Cow. (Its mucous membrane has numerous 

 longitudinal folds anteriorly ; and in front a multitude of fine points, wliich are the excretory 

 ducts of small glands analogous to the prostates. On the sides of the meatus urinarius are two 

 small fossettes surrounded by a ring. There is no vaginal valve.) Tlie inferior commissure 

 of the vulva is more acute than in Ruminants. The mammae are ten in number, disposed in 

 two rows, extending from the inguinal region to below the chest. They have no galacto- 

 phorous reservoirs, as in the larger Ruminants — the lactiferous ducts uniting directly into a 

 variable number of definitive canals that pass through the teat, to pierce its extremity by 

 from five to ten orifices. (There are, of course, five or six glands in each row, each with its 

 teat.) 



Carnivora.— In the Dog and Cat, the ovaries and uterus are disposed as in the Pig; the 

 ovaries (are situated behind the kidneys, and) are lodged in a particular fold of the broad liga- 

 ments, which forms a kind of cup. There are no Gaertner's canals in the vagina. The vulva 

 of the Dog is triangular, and acute at its inferior commissure. The Cat has a small bone in 

 the clitoris. The mammx are ten in number in the Dog, and eight in the Cat ; they are 

 distinguished, as in the Pig, into inguinal, abdominal, and pectoral. (Each teat has from eight 

 to ten orifices. The vagina is long, and wider at the vulva than towards the uterus. Beside 

 the smooth muscular fibres of its external coat, it has wliite fibres which give it greater thick- 

 ness and resistance. The mucous membrane forms longitudinal, intersected by transverse, 

 folds ; the valve of the meatus urinarius scarcely exists. Tiie cervix of the uterus projects 

 into the vagina, and is even more voluminous than the body, which is short ; it is hard to the 

 loucli.) 



Rodents.— Otz-aries. — In the Rabbit, these organs are about from J to i inch in length, 

 and from 1| to 2 inches in breadth ; they are faintly rose-tinted, and the Graafian vesicles 

 and corpora lutea — extremely numerous— are scattered over the entire surface of the glands. 



Fallopian tube. — The pavillion of the tube is very developed, and exceeds the ovary in 

 front ; it is bent downwards and backwards, in order to be fixed on the ovary. 



Uterus.— In the Rabbit, the uterus is double, there being really two distinct organs lying 

 beside each other at their origin, but diverging for the remainder of their extent. Their 

 average length is from 4 to 5 inches ; each is cylindrical and slightly flexuous, and opens at 

 the bottom of the vagina by a small " expanded flower." The broad ligaments are fixed in 

 the uterus as in the Cow, and the uterus is drawn outwards. 



Vagina. — This is flattened above and below, and sustained by the borders of its inferior 

 face ; it is from about 2 to 3 inches long, but its origin is not well defined, as the meatus 

 urinarius is more or less crossed by Gaertner's canal, which naturally belongs to the vagina. 

 That canal lies to the left of the meatus, but it soon disappears there, to reappear in the 

 vicinity of the left uterine canal. 



Vulva. — Rather more than two inches long, the vulvar cavity is almost entirely situated 

 beyond the ischiatic arch, and is attached, witir the rectum, to the inferior surface of the 

 coccygeal region. Its orifice shows labia majora and minora. The first is garnished, near 

 the inferior commissure, with a tuft of long fine hairs ; the second commence towards the 

 superior commissure, and are attached inferiorly to the clitoris. The latter organ hRS for its 

 base a corpus cavernosum 1| inch long; its free portion is flattened and tapering, and it may 

 become so very salient, when the labia of the vulva are drawn forward, as to resemble a small 

 penis. 



The muscles of the vulva are : 1 . A posterior constrictor. 2. An anterior constrictor — very 



Sanson has met with anomalies. For ourselves, we have found that each teat has a special 

 galactophorous sinus. In this Cow, therefore, there were five mammary glands, one of which 



