28 



RING-BONE. 



RING-BONE. 



Ring-bones only occur in working oxen, and particularly in aged 

 animals used in hilly regions. They result almost exclusively from 

 wounds, ligamentous and tendinous strains, and articular injuries. 



They are preceded (as can usually be proved by dissection of limbs) by 



Fig. 13. — Tibia. Lesions due to open fracture and displacement. Irregular 

 callus formation and seenestrum. 



fibrous or fibro-cartilaginous induration in or about the coronet or one 

 of the phalanges. These thickenings increase the diameter of the 

 pastern in all directions. Ring-bones are seldom very large ; but as they 



