VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS IN SHEEP AND CATTLE (HUSK, HOOSE, ETC.). 341 



says he has obtamed very good results from shnilar fumigations. Fumi- 

 gations with chlorine, sulphur, and sulphuret of mercury or cinnabar 

 have been recommended, but they are dangerous. 



(Stephen recommends as follows : Put about forty lambs at a time 

 into an air-tight house, and place tar, sulphur, and turpentine in a pot of 

 burning coals, suspended by a chain from the ceiling and brought as 

 near to the heads of the animals as possible ; the fumes are to be allowed 

 to fill the house, and more ingredients are added as required, the lambs 

 being kept in the place for twenty-five minutes each time, and the process 

 to be repeated on three occasions.) 



Tracheal injections in the verminous bron diitis of calves are of great 

 utility ; but for a flock of sheep they would be troublesome and difficult 

 to administer. However, Nieman, has successfully employed them on 

 384 sheep belonging to several small owners. He used a solution of 2 

 parts iodine and 10 parts iodide of potassium in 100 parts of distilled 

 water. This fluid was mixed, in equal parts, with oil of turpentine, and 

 made into an emulsion with olive oil ; each sheep received 5 to 8 

 grams of the mixture, and the number of the injections varied according 

 to the gravity of the disease — from two to three at two days' interval. 

 The worms were killed and expelled during the paroxysms of coughing, 

 and the bronchitis was modified. 



The medical treatment should be assisted by very nourishing food, 

 and by bitter, stimulating, and ferruginous tonics, which arouse the 

 digestive functions and allow those animals which are least exhausted to 

 reach the period of elimination of the parasites. 



At the commencement of any kind of treatment it is well to have an 

 examination of the flock, with the object of sending the worst cases to 

 the butcher. 



The same medicaments have been employed in treating this malady 

 in calves as in that of sheep, and no better results have been obtained. 

 Numann and Janne have, however, been successful with asafetida (30 

 grams), Chabert's empyreumatic oil (60 grams), and a mucilaginous 

 decoction (500 grams) — a spoonful of this mixture being given in a half 

 litre of milk, and the treatment continued for about a month. 



The results are less uncertain if the worms lodged in the bronchial 

 tubes are directly acted upon, either by means of injections of the same 

 kind as those employed for sheep, or fluid medicaments introduced 

 directly into the bronchi. 



Eead says he has cured calves worn down almost to skeletons by 

 verminous bronchitis by the following procedure : The head of the calf 

 is slightly elevated, and about 2 drachms of ether, chloroform, oil of 

 turpentine, or rectified oil of amber — single or combined — are poured 

 into each nostril and allowed to vaporize there ; it will then, by the 



