BOVINE PIROPLASMOSIS. 



417 



(Australia), tristeza (Argentine Republic), African coast fever, East 

 Coast fever, redwater, Rhodesian fever (Cape), and bovine malaria. 



It was first described by Babes in 1888, in animals inhabiting the 

 Danube Valley, and was termed by him bacterial hiemoglobinuria of the 

 ox. Afterwards it was well described by Smith and Kilborne (in 1889) 

 under the title of Texas fever. It was re-discovered in Finland by 

 Krogius and Van Hellens in 1894 ; in Sardinia by San Felice and 

 Loi ; in Australia in 1895 by Pound ; and it has been the object of re- 

 markable investigations by Koch in South Africa (1898-1904). 



Nicolle and Adil-Bey (1899) state that it exists in a latent form in 

 European Turkey and Asiatic Turkey ; and Lignieres (1900), after a 



Fig. 191. — Dorsal view of larva of BoojjJiilus annulatus of North America. Greatl^^ 

 enlarged. (Stiles, Ann. Eep., U.S.A. Bur. An. Ind., 1900, p. 388.) 



series of researches in Argentina, suggests the final solution of the 

 questions which it raises. 



Symptoms. Babes describes it as an acute febrile disease, clinically 

 distinguished by the passage of blood-stained urine. The urine is 

 coloured by dissolved haemoglobin ; red blood corpuscles are not found. 

 Smith and Kilborne, and afterwards Stiles, described two forms : an 

 acute, rapidly fatal form, in which the Piroplasma higeminum is found 

 in the blood of the general circulation, in the spleen and kidneys ; and 

 a chronic form, in which, notwithstanding the absence of clinical signs, 

 the parasites may be discovered in the blood under the form of 

 diplococci. 



Lignieres describes a grave and a benignant form. The grave form 



D.C. E E 



