158 THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 



Mix in a little of the mother's milk, and give as a drench 

 every four hours until the animal gets relief. 



15. Balls Found in the Bowels (Calculi). 



These are chiefly made up of lime and vary in size from 

 that of a marble to those large enough to weigh twenty 

 pounds. A piece of iron, or brass, or something of the kind, 

 which has a tendency to collect the lime, is sometimes taken 

 into the stomach with the drinking water. These balls are 

 the result of a constant formation of the lime about the for- 

 eign substance. 



Causes. — Feeding the sweepings of a mill floor or such 

 like is the more general cause. They are more frequently 

 found in the large bowel and may take a long time to ac- 

 cumulate before being large enough to stop the passage. 



Symptoms. — The first noticeable symptom is wind colic, 

 after which, sooner or later, as the ball gets larger, there is a 

 complete stoppage of the passage. This causes inflammation 

 which generally terminates in death in from twenty-four to 

 forty-eight hours. 



Treatment. — During first symptoms give a good dose of 

 physic. If balls are suspected it is always best to make an 

 examination by oiling the hand and passing it into the rectum. 

 Should balls be found it is generally an easy matter to re- 

 move them with the hand. Should the removal of the balls 

 be impossible, nothing can be done except to relieve the pain 

 by giving doses of one ounce or four dessertspoonfuls of 

 laudanum every couple of hours. 



16. Rupture of the Rectum or Back Bowel. 



This is a very serious injury, but in some cases recovery 

 is possible, especially if the rupture be on the upper side of 

 the rectum. 



Causes. — Rupture of the rectum is generally the result 

 of an accident. A shaft during a runaway, a broken piece of 

 fence rail, a splinter of a board of such like may enter through 

 the anus into the rectum and cause the rupture. 



It may be the result of mal-address-penetration of the 

 wrong passage during service of the stallion. 



Symptoms. — If by accident there is generally sufficient 

 exterior evidence of the injury — cuts, bruises or bleeding 

 from the anus. If by mal-address there is bleeding from the 



