:m THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 



In order to place the matter of age as indicated by the 

 appearance of the teeth more clearly before the student, the 

 following schedule is submitted. In it the indication of age 

 is presented at a glance. For example : a horse is supposed 

 to be, say nine years old. Run down the age column to the 

 figure 9 and by reading to the right it will be found that all 

 the lower incisors as well as the two upper centre teeth con- 

 tain black spots, and the remaining four uppers, rings. Sim- 

 ilarly : Suppose that in examining a horse's mouth, the two 

 center teeth and the two laterals of the lower jaw are found 

 to present black spots and the remaining incisors, rings. Run 

 down the columns for centre and laterals to the darkface S's 

 in each, and to the left the age is found to be 7. 



4. Drenching. 



A twitch is a small round handle about three feet long 

 provided with a hole near one end, through which passes a 

 small rope to form a sort of loop. This loop is sufficiently 

 large enough to slip over the horse's nose, being tightened by 

 twisting the rope by means of the handle. 



The bottle containing the drench should have a fairly 

 long neck and be of thick, strong glass. 



Place a halter on the horse and lead him to a place that 

 will admit of raising his head well up. Place a twitch on his 

 nose and while an assistant holds the nose well up with the 

 twitch, slip the bottle containing the drench into the mouth 

 from the side between the front and back teeth. Pour into 

 the back of the mouth only a small portion of the medicine at 

 a time to prevent choking. Should he commence to cough, 

 allow him to lower his head immediately and do not raise it 

 again until the coughing has ceased. Don't be in a hurry to 

 empty the bottle, as it takes some horses much longer than 

 others to take a drench. 



5. Bleeding. 



Place a small rope, or plow cord, in the form of a slip- 

 knot, over the horse's neck and draw it tight enough to swell 

 the jugular vein on the left side of the neck, moisten the hair 

 over the swelling and hold the fleames — which must be clean 

 — lengthwise with the vein ; have an assistant to hold the 

 rope, and also cover the horse's left eye so he cannot see you. 

 When you are satisfied that the fleames set over the vein 

 strike them a quick, sharp blow with a stick of some kind. 

 As soon as the vein is cut, a stream of blood spurts from the 



