U6 THE VETERINARY SCIENCE 



The horns of calves may be killed or prevented from de- 

 veloping if operated upon when they are about a week old. 

 When the little horn first appears dip a stick of caustic potash 

 in water, rub it well into the skin about the point at which 

 the horn is making its appearance. One burning in this 

 manner is sufficient in most cases. If necessary, however, 

 the burning may be repeated in a few days — a little heavier 

 than before. 



2. Bleeding. 



Tie a small rope around the neck, just in front of the 

 shoulders, so that it will raise the jugular vein, then take the 

 largest blade of an ordinary fleames, hold it lengthwise, fair 

 in the centre over the vein. Hit the fleames a sharp tap with 

 a piece of hardwood, hit hard enough to cut the vein. Catch 

 the blood in a pail. Take from four to eight quarts away. 

 When you have enough blood drawn, let the rope slack, run 

 a pin through the two edges of the cut and wind a string 

 around the pin in the form of a figure eight and tie it there. 

 Keep the animal in the stable, and feed from a high manger, 

 for twenty-four hours, then remove the pin and allow the 

 animal to go. In this operation, as in all others, have every- 

 thing clean for fear of blood poisoning. 



3. Drenching. 



Always mix drenches for cattle in a large quantity of 

 water. It has a tendency to wash out the paunch more 

 quickly and has a better action. 



While an assistant holds the horns take hold of the nose 

 with the left hand; hold the head a little above the level and 

 with the right hand place the neck of the bottle well back 

 into the mouth and allow the contents to run down the throat. 

 Do not remove the bottle until empty unless the animal 

 coughs. Should this occur remove the bottle and allow the 

 head to be lowered. After the fit of coughing has subsided 

 continue as before. 



Be careful, especially in lung diseases, as there is con- 

 siderable danger of choking. 



4. Spaying. 



This operation is best performed in the spring of the 

 year. It is carried on to a great extent through this con- 

 tinent, especially on ranches where cattle are raised for ship- 



