Immunization. Veterinary Police. Bradsot. 57 



4. Protective inoculation with immune serum. In 1905 Grass- 

 berger & Schattenfroh injected about 800 head of cattle in Tyrol and 

 Lower Austria with serum from an animal which had been immunized 

 by means of toxin and afterwards with virulent material. The results 

 were unsatisfactory, inasmuch as 8 animals later succumbed to blackleg 

 when placed on infected pastures. 



5. Immunization with toxins and immune serum. Grassberger 

 & Schattenfroh prepared a very effective antitoxic serum (0.0025 cc. 

 of serum neutralized 1.0 cc. of toxin) by treating cattle with their 

 toxin (page 43), 40.0 cc. of which killed young cattle, and used this for 

 vaccination after having mixed it with toxin. According to their ex- 

 perience immunity may be attained by means of such a mixture as 

 well as with toxin alone, the former, however, having the advantage 

 that it does not cause edema nor interfere with the general health of 

 the animal. The vaccination consists in one single subcutaneous injec- 

 tion \^dth 5 to 10 cc. of the neutralized mixture of toxin-serum. 

 In the Austrian mountain districts, more than 4,500 head of cattle were 

 vaccinated in 1904 without direct loss, but later 78 died from natural 

 blackleg while at pasture. 



Veterinary Police. Owing to the enzootic appearance of 

 blackleg in many regions, as well as to the considerable losses 

 caused by it, the disease has recently been made subject of 

 obligatory notification in several countries, among others Ger- 

 many and Austria. The legal methods of prevention are similar 

 to those employed for anthrax, special attention being paid to 

 the destruction of the carcass, and also to the indemnification 

 of the owner and the application of vaccination. 



According to the results of the investigations of Saner, hides from animals 

 having died from blackleg may be thoroughly disinfected by being placed for 10 

 days in a 1:1.000 solution of bichloride of mercury, 5% creolin or carbolic acid 

 solution, and also in freshly prepared whitewash. 



Literature. Bollinger, D. Z. f. Tm., 1875, I, 297.— Feser, Z. f. pr. Vet. Wiss., 

 1876, IV, 13; D. Z. f. Tm., 1880, IV, 371.— Arloing, Cornevin & Thomas, Le Charbon 

 sympt. du. boeuf, Paris, 1887.— Eoux, A. P., 1887, I, 62.— Kitt, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1887 

 1, 684, and 1888, III, 572; Monh. 1893, IV; 1896, VIII, and 1901, XIII (Review); 

 Hb. d. p. M., 1903, II, 600 (Etiology), and 1904, IV, 1001 (Immunization; with 

 literature).— Kitasato, Z. f. Hyg., 1889, VI, 105.— Leclainche & Vallee, A. P., 

 1900, XIV, 202 and 590 (Lit.).— Thomas, Eep. de. pol. san., 1900, 31— Kerry, O. Z 

 f. wiss. Vk., 1894, Y, 228.— Marek, Monh., 1896, VII, 489; 1S97, VIII, 174.— Graps- 

 berger & Schattenfroh, Uber d. Eauschbrandgift, 1904.— Smith, Z. f. Infkrkh., 1906, 

 I, 26.— Scheibel, D. t. W., 1907, 61.— Balovoine, Diss., Bern, 1909 (Literature and 

 vaccination statistics).— Tillman, Diss., Bern, 1909.— Foth, Z. f. Infkrkh., 1909, A^I, 

 201.— Wulff, Z. f. Tm., 1909, XIII, 241. 



"Bradsot" of sheep (Gastromycosis ovis). This destructive dis- 

 ease of sheep occurs on the western coast of Norway, in Iceland, and 

 on the Faroe Islands of Denmark, in Scotland where it is known as 

 Braxy, also in Mecklenburg and Prussia (Peters, Dammann & Opper- 

 mann, Hilbrand). Ivar Nielsen established the fact that the disease 

 is caused by a specific bacterium which causes severe inflammation 

 especially of the abomasum and duodenum. 



The disease (Bradsot, Braasot or Brosot — quick plague) is chiefly 

 observed late in the fall or winter when the sheep are driven from 



