Differentiated Diseases. 101 



With this disease the cause of some forms of pneumonia in man is 

 associated, but according to the investigations of Lichtenstein this sup- 

 position is not well founded (0. M., 1902, 385; Cbl. f. Bakt., 1899, 

 XXV, 651). 



Grouse disease; described by Klein as a very fatal disease of 

 Scottish grouse. The principal symptoms are quick tiring on flying, 

 hoarseness, cyanosis of the conjunctiva, emaciation. On autopsy ne- 

 crotic foci in the liver and small blood extravasations are observed. 

 The bacillus is motile. Gram negative, thrives on potato, quickly 

 coagulates milk, and produces indol (Cbl. f. Bakt., 1899, VI, 36; 1890, 

 VII, 81). 



Cholera-like gastro-enteritis of fowl (Vibrionen-cholera, gastro- 

 enteritis cholerica avium). Gamaleia, who observed the disease in 

 Odessa, described as the cause a short, curved bacillus (Vibrio 

 Metschnikovi), which morphologically and culturally closely resembles 

 the comma bacillus of Asiatic cholera. Affected fowl die with symptoms 

 of somnolence and diarrhea within 2-3 days. The bacilli are present 

 in the lumen of the inflamed intestine, and produce the symptoms by 

 the eliminated toxins (A. P., 1888, II, 482). 



Apoplectic septicemia of chickens; this very disastrous American 

 disease runs its course in from 12 to 24 hours with paralytic symptoms 

 and is caused, according to Norgaard & Mohler, by a very virulent 

 streptococcus which in addition is pathogenic for chickens and also for 

 rabbits, mice, ducks, pigeons and dogs. It is harmless for guinea pigs 

 and sheep (Bur. Anim. Industry, Bull., 1902, No. 36). 



Sleeping sickness of chickens; was found by Dammann & Mane- 

 gold in the vicinity of Hannover, later by Greve in Oldenburg. The 

 most striking symptom is the more or less pronounced somnolence. 

 Further, reddening and swelling of the conjunctiva, if the course is 

 prolonged, also paleness of the comb and wattles, diarrhea and emacia- 

 tion. In the heart blood the Gram-positive encapsulated streptococci 

 are found in great numbers (Str, capsulatus gallinarum) thriving best 

 on coagulated blood serum and in milk. It is also pathogenic for 

 pigeons, rabbits, mice and lambs (D. t. W., 1905, 577; 1908, 213). 



Septicemic and Pyemic Affections of Rabbits. Among rabbits 

 mostly in laboratories, but not infrequently also in valuable rabbit 

 breeding establishments septicemic affections occur, some of which will 

 be described briefly. 



Rabbit Septicemia. Davaine, later Koch & Gaffky produced this 

 disease in rabbits by subcutaneous injections of putrid fluids, unclean 

 river water and putrid pickling fluid. After such injections the animals 

 die in from 16 to 20 hours with rapid falling of the body temperature, 

 diarrhea and convulsions. On autopsy the spleen and lymph glands 

 are swollen, the lungs hyperemic, the intestinal mucous membrane in- 

 flamed, serous membranes sprinkled with petechiae. The blood con- 

 tains small bacteria (Bac. cuniculisepticus s. cuniculicida), which in 

 their form and cultural characteristics are practically identical with 

 the fowl cholera bacterium and are very probably identical organisms 

 (Kitt). Cultures kill fowls with manifestations of septicemia. On 

 the other hand, rabbits infected with the virus of fowl cholera also 



