Symptoms. Course. Diagnosis. 109 



asthenia, which is caused by the marked enteritis, produces 

 death. 



Taufer observed the following additional symptoms during an 

 outbreak of the disease : A very extensive infiltration of the masticatory 

 and cheek muscles as well as of the back of the nose, the lips and the 

 nasal mucous membrane (hippopotamus head), cloudiness of the cornea 

 (in two cases also panophthalmia). In one case he observed necrosis 

 of the cheeks and lips, and lastly in 24 cattle a skin eruption over 

 the entire body. These skin lesions were developed most extensively 

 above the carpal and tarsal joints, and resulted in circumscribed 

 necrosis. Carrougeau has also observed skin eruptions in the form of 

 nodules which were closely set in rows, from which the thickened 

 epidermis separated in thick shreds. 



According to Robertson and Spreull the disease of cattle known 

 in South Africa as "lamziekte" is supposed to belong to hemorrhagic 

 septicemia. However, a confusion with "heart water" (see this disease) 

 is not excluded. 



The pectoral form is characterized by symptoms of an acute 

 pleuro-pneumonia. The animal stands immovable with back 

 arched, has a dry and painful cough, and a colorless or reddish, 

 foamy serous discharge from the nose. On one or both sides 

 of the thorax there is dullness over different areas with 

 bronchial breathing and vesicular rales. There may be a total 

 absence of respiratory sounds. Friction sounds may be heard 

 over the hepatized areas. Respiration is greatly acceleraterj 

 and labored. Rumination ceases. Peristalsis of the rumen and 

 intestines is frequently suppressed. Constipation is followed 

 by bloody diarrhea, whereupon the greatly weakened animal 

 rapidly succumbs. 



According to Carrougeau the disease may take a chronic course. 

 The emaciated, feverless animals cough frequently; their appetite is 

 capricious, and there is profuse lachrymation. At the same time a 

 persistent diarrhea is present in which feces mixed with blood are 

 passed. Over the lungs rales can be heard, and percussion sounds are 

 sometimes dull. The disease may terminate in recovery, but in such 

 cases the cough persists for a long time. In other cases the animals 

 die from exhaustion as a result of the long continued sickness and 

 emaciation. The autopsy of such animals reveals caseated areas in 

 the lungs, chronic catarrh of the stomach and intestines, enlargement 

 of the lymph glands and indications of cachexia (in some cases only 

 the latter lesions are present). 



The belief of Simader that the " endemic pharyngeal paralysis (Wasenmeister- 

 krankheit) " is a form of hemorrhagic septicemia is not substantiated as aside from 

 the different post mortem findings and its continuous afebrile course (Schmid) there 

 are no proofs, and especially since an identical etiological factor has not been 

 established. 



Course and prognosis. The duration of the disease varies, 

 with the exception of the chronic cases, between 6 hours and 

 8 days. The edematous form usually runs the more rapid 

 course, mostly from 12 to 36 hours, while the pectoral form, 



