Swiiie Plague. 225 



guinea pigs the virulence of the virus is increased, while passage 

 through a pigeon increases its virulence still more. 



Goats which ai'ter a subcutaneous injection remain alive acquire, to 

 a certain degree, immunity against subsequent virulent infection. (Sec 

 also Infectious Pleuro-pneumonia of Goats.) 



Literature. Hutcheon, A'et. J., 1881, XIII, 171, u. 399.— Steele, ibid., 1889, 

 XXIV, 153.— iSicolle & Eefik-Bey, A. P., 1896, X, 321. 



Takosis of Angora Goats. Under this name :Mohler and Washburn 

 (1902) described a very malignant chronic infectious disease of angora 

 goats wliich occurred in various localities of the United States. The 

 principal symptoms are at first moderately high, later a subnormal 

 temperature, pronounced weakness, gradually progressive anemia and 

 emaciation, later diarrhea and indications of pneumonia. The disease 

 results in death in from one to eight weeks. The autopsy reveals, 

 besides a pronounced general anemia, small hemorrhages in the serous 

 membranes, catarrhal pneumonic foci in the lungs, accumulation of 

 transudate in the pericardium, finally chronic catarrh and, in parts, 

 superficial necrosis of the intestinal mucous membrane. 



In the blood as well as in the transudates a small Gram positive 

 coccus (micrococcus caprinus) was demonstrated. Grown on artificial 

 media the cultures showed great resemblance to those of the staphylo- 

 coccus pyogenus albus. They are pathogenic for goats, chickens, rabbits, 

 guinea pigs and white mice. Intra-abdominal injection of cultures pro- 

 duced in angora goats a fatal infection similar to the natural disease. • 



The disease which has been previously observed by Pegler (1885) 

 causes in the infected herds losses amounting from 30 to 85 per cent, 

 which can be reduced only bv an early isolation of the affected animals 

 (An. Ind., 1902, XIX, 354.) 



(e) Swine Plag-ue. Septicaemia suum. 



{Pasteurellosis suum; 8eptict'mie,Pneumonie contagieuse du 

 pore, [French]; Schweineseuche, [German]). 



Swine plague is usually a sporadic, less frequently an 

 enzootic infectious disease of hogs which with the exception 

 of the peracute septicemic cases is characterized principally 

 by a multiple necrotic pleuro-pneumonia. It is caused by the 

 bacillus suisepticus. 



History. Swine plague in its septicemic form was first differ- 

 entiated from swine erysipelas by Ijoffler (1885) and recognized as an 

 independent disease. Shortly afterwards Schiitz (1886) established the 

 etiological identity of the pectoral form with the septicemic form. 

 Later the disease was identified by various authors (Billings, Silber- 

 schmidt, Voges) with hog cholera. In America Salmon (1886) and 

 Smith (1890) separated swine plague sharply from hog cholera, while 

 in Europe Schiitz, Jensen, Bang and especially Preisz established its 

 independent nature. (See Hog Cholera.) It was supposed until very 

 recently that swine plague very frequently occurred in association 

 with hog cholera as an independent disease. However, with the 



