Pyobacillosis of Hogs. 141 



results cannot be estimated satisfactorily, but it appea-rs that it gives 

 especially good results in the places where proper care is taken in 

 general for the welfare of the pigs. 



According to Ostertag's report in 218 herds which were exclusively affected 

 with swine plague in 1902, 7,944 hogs under 3 months and 2,238 older animals were 

 inoculated. Of these, 633 young pigs (7.9%) and 11 (.5%) old hogs died, 47 

 (.6%) young and 42 (1.9%) old hogs had to be slaughtered in emergency. 376 

 (4.7%) young and 28 (1.2%) old hogs became stunted in growth, while 6,888 

 (87.7%) young and 2,757 (96.4%) old hogs remained healthy. In some of the 

 herds in which before the vaccination 50 to 75% or almost all pigs died, the dis- 

 ease almost entirely ceased after the vaccination, and in numerous formerly 

 infected herds breeding became again satisfactory and remunerative after the vac- 

 cination. According to Wassermann 17,769 pigs were vaccinated in the years of 

 1903 and 1904, in infected herds of which in the animals up to 3 months of age 

 90.7% remained healthy, while of 1,490 older hogs 94.3% also remained healthy. 



It is advisable to vaccinate the pigs on the first day of their lives and to 

 repeat it shortly before weaning, at which stage the animals are most susceptible 

 to the infection, and are also especially exposed. The injection may be repeated 

 when one inoculation fails to produce a sufficient protection and the disease has 

 newly appeared. The inoculation of the affected animals is unsatisfactory. The 

 dose of the serum is from 3 to 5 ce. 



Eaebiger as well as Joest and Eipke also reported favorable results from the 

 polyvalent serum (of 2,227 pigs 19.5% remained healthy). The reports of the 

 Prussian district veterinarians (1902-1906) indicate partly favorable and partly 

 less favorable results. 



Immunization with extracts of swine plague bacteria and immune 

 serum (see page 137) gave Pfeil and Diem favorable results, while 

 Majewski and Klipstein failed to obtain such. The preparation known 

 as Euman appears to be prepared from cultures of the bac. pyogenes 

 suis. 



Literature. Ostertag, Z. f. Flhyg., 1905, XV, 266; B. t. W., 1905, 205 u. 234; 

 Z. f. Infkr., 1907, II, 113, u. 425.— Grips, Glage & Nieberle, F. d. Vhyg., 1904, IF, 

 5 (Lit.).— Hutyra, Z. f. Infkr., 1907, II, 281 u. Ill, 235.— Evers, Schweinepest. 

 Jena 1906 (Lit.).— Uhlenhuth, Xylander, Hiibener & Bohtz, Arb. d. G.-A., 1908, 

 XVIII, 1 (Lit.). 



Pyobacillosis of Hogs. (Pyemic cachexia). Grips claimed in 1903 

 that the cause of swine plague is not the ovoid septicemia bacterium, 

 described by Lotfler & Schlitz, but an organism which he found in the 

 encapsulated caseous foci of the lungs and named bacillus pyogenes 

 suis. Then Grips, Glage & Nieberle attempted also to prove that the 

 enzootic pneumonia of pigs which occurs extensively among the pigs 

 of Northern and Northwestern Germany, and which is characterized 

 by catarrhal suppuration and severe inflammation, by nervous symp- 

 toms, disturbances of nutrition and skin eruptions (see page 138), should 

 be considered as the true swine plague, and that it is caused by the 

 above mentioned organism, whereas Lofitler's ovoid bacteria only occa- 

 sionally cause acute complications in the normal course of the disease. 



This view stimulated Olt, Casper, Ostertag, Piitz and Preisz to 

 undertake bacteriological work in this line, and they proved the in- 

 correctness of the above conception. They have proven that the bac. 

 pyogenes suis produces suppurative processes in the lung tissue only 

 secondarily, but on the other hand they showed that the new bacillus 

 may also produce similar processes in other organs. Its biological 

 characteristics were studied more extensively by Berger and Holth. 



In most of the cases the disease represents the enzootic pneumonia 

 of pigs, known also as chronic swine plague^ in which there is a more 



