230 Purpura Hemorrhagica. 



of marked constriction of the upper air passages, the perform- 

 ance of tracheotomy is advisable. The stenosis of the nose may 

 be relieved by elevating the median alae of the nostrils passing 

 threads through them and tying them together over the 

 back of the nose, or according to Johne's suggestion, by the 

 introduction of tin tubes into the nostrils. These methods, how- 

 ever, are not to be recommended as the threads and even more 

 the tin tubes may produce necrosis of the skin and of the 

 mucous membrane. The wounds caused by tracheotomy should 

 be cleaned 2 or 3 times daily, and in order to prevent a iiarmful 

 pressure between the outer plate of the tube and the skin a 

 ring of cotton should be inserted. The operation may even be 

 undertaken before asphyxiation threatens, especially in cases 

 when a rapid develoi)ment of the swellings indicates the ap- 

 proach of a dangerous nasal stenosis. 



In consideration of the difficulty in swallowing which is 

 present in most instances only such remedies should be used 

 in the treatment of gastro-enteritis as may be administered in 

 the drinking water or in soft food. Calomel is to be mentioned 

 as a remedy, as it not only has a disinfecting action, but also 

 facilitates the absorption of the transudated serous fluid as a 

 result of its uniting with the blood albumen ( Jendrassik) (3-4.0 

 g. daily, divided in several doses), then boracic acid, tannin, 

 sugar of lead, also ichthyol (sodium or ammonium, sulfo-ichthy- 

 olicum, 20-30 g. pro die), cinchona bark, etc., may be given. In 

 eases where the rectum is severely affected enemas of astrin- 

 gents and disinfecting fluids (for instance 2-4% lukewarm 

 boracic acid) are indicated. 



If improvement becomes apparent the convalescing animals 

 should be exercised out of doors for a short time 2 or 3 times 

 a day, as soon as the fever disappears, and the loss of the body 

 fluids should be restored through profuse, rich nourishing. 



Various remedies were recommended for the purpose of an 

 abortive treatment, but none of these can be considered as specific. 



Thus Azary recommended the fluid extract of hydrastis canadensis 

 (5-8.0 g. subcutaneously). Payrou advised adrenalin (15-25 drops in 

 1/4 1. of water) early in the disease, because of its vasoconstrictor action; 

 while recently iodine and silver preparations are used very extensively. 



Dieckerhoff employed intratracheal injections of Lugol's solution 

 (iodi puri 1.0, potass, iodati 5.0, a(|uae dest. 100-200.0; 30-40 g. for 

 one dose ; at the same time 10-20 g. of iodide of potassium may be added 

 to the drinking water). This treatment has been given extensive trial 

 in practice, but without any remarkable results. The literature shows 

 that out of 96 cases treated in this manner only 61 horses (63.5%) 

 recovered (in the Prussian army inside of three years out of 41 horses 

 31 recoveries, 75%) and some of the authors (Zschokke, Cadeac, Lemke, 

 Johne) have even observed bad effects from this treatment (gangrene 

 of the mucous membrane of the trachea, symptoms of poisoning). 



Jodvasogen, which has been introduced into veterinary practice 

 by Jess, has also been tried (intratracheal injections of 15-20 g. of a 

 6-10% solution, or 50-80 g. per os daily). The results, however, have 



