254 Rinderpest. 



Dschunkowsky & Kupziz prodiiced a dry preparation from the liquid serum 

 by evaporation, at 3U.32°, and by adding at the same time 1-5% of sodium hydrate; 

 this has, however, not yet been tested in practice. 



IV. Immunization With Immune Serum and Virulent Blood. 

 (Simultaneous Method.) Kolle & Turner produced an immunity 

 in cattle which lasted for at least five months, by injecting the 

 animals subcutaneously on one side of the rump, with one cc. 

 of virulent blood, and on the other side, according to the size 

 and age of the animal, 8 to 25 cc. of immune serum. This 

 immune serum is the same as that which is used for ordinary 

 serum inoculations, while the blood originates from animals 

 either affected with the natural disease or from such as were 

 artificially infected, and should be taken on the fifth or sixth 

 day of the disease (sheep infected with blood are also suitable 

 for this purpose). Some of the animals inoculated by tliis 

 method react with a fever lasting for several days, while about 

 10% of the vaccinated cattle, especially common range cattle, 

 do not manifest any reaction wiiatsoever. The blood of the 

 reacting animals is infectious during the fel^rile stage. In 

 exceptional cases severe symptoms of rinderpest develop in 

 the inoculated animals, and some (about 1%) may even die 

 with the disease. 



The simultaneous method has the advantage over the other 

 methods that it causes a relatively small loss, and with very 

 rare exceptions it produces a lasting immunity. However while 

 only a small proportion of the inoculated animals become 

 affected with severe symptoms, they may transmit the disease 

 to healthy animals, and therefore its application is only indi- 

 cated in already infected territories, and in these localities 

 only under assurances that the blood does not contain other 

 poisonous substances in addition to the virus of rinderpest, 

 and it should especially be free of protozoa (see p. 255). 



This method has been employed for several years in Africa, in 

 Asiatic Russia (Nencki, Siebert & Wyznikiewicz), in Turkey (Nicolle 

 & Adil-Bey), and in India (Rogers), and the first reports from all 

 these places indicated favorable results. In India, however, in the 

 less resistant mountain cattle the immunity obtained was not sufficient, 

 although the dose of the serum was increased 6 to 9 times. Rogers 

 therefore injects another 10 cc. of virulent blood subcutaneously 10 

 days after the simultaneous inoculation. The simultaneous method may 

 be also adopted for the immunization of buffaloes as well as goats 

 (3 to 5 cc, of blood serum, and 1 cc. of blood). 



According to Turner, 10,407 cattle were inoculated by this method in South 

 Africa (Rhodesia, Cape Colonies and Pretoria), and the loss from inoculation 

 amounted to 136 animals (1.31%); Head inocidated 7,38(5 animals in the Egyptian 

 Soudan, with a loss of only 2%, Fedetzky and Gorain observed a loss of 1-2%, 

 Stockman on the other hand observed in one herd deaths amounting to 12%. Very 

 good results are rej)orted by Eggebrecht in Eastern Asia. 



For a time another method of immunization was used in South Africa, which 

 has since been introduced into practice by Bordet & Danysz, as well as by Pitchford 

 & Theiler, and which consisted in injecting subcutaneously into the animals 

 100-200 cc. of defibrinated blood from animals which had recovered from rinderpest. 



