256 ' Kinderpest. 



tained in Egypt with this method than from serum inocula- 

 tions.) At the same time the other ruminants, especially sheep 

 and goats, should also be considered as carriers of the virus. 

 In the meantime the losses in infected herds may be diminished 

 by the application of one of the above-described modes of im- 

 munization and in neighboring herds the animals should all 

 be given serum inoculations thereby producing an immune zone 

 around the infected herds. 



Literature. Dieckerhoff, History of Kinderpest and Its Literature, Berlin, 

 1890.— Semnier, B. t. W., 1893, 590.— Koch, Zbl. f. Bakt., 1897, XXI, 526; Veroff. 

 (1. G.-A., 1904, V, 681.— Kohlstoek, Ibid., 1897, XXII, 787.— Kolle, Z. f. Hyg., 1898, 

 XXVII, 45; Erjrebn. d. allg. Path., 1899, VI, 470 (Lit.).— Kolle & Turner, Z. f. 

 Hvg., 1898, XXIX, 309.— Theiler, D. t. W., 1898, 205; Monh., 1901, XIII, 145.— 

 Rogers, Z. f. Hvg., 1900, XXXV, 59.— Nicolle & A.lil-Bey, A. P., 1899, XIIT, 329; 

 1902, XVI, 56.— Blin & Carrougeau, Bull., 1902, 107.— Yersin, A. P., 1904, XVIII, 

 417.— Hadicke, B. t. W., 1904, 823.— Arloing, Journ. de med. vet., 1905, LVI, 

 385.— Holmes, J. of conip. Path., 1905, XVII 1, 207.— Stockman, Ibid., p. 207.— 

 Head, Ibid., 1906, XTX, 12.— Eassau, Z. f. Infkr., 1906, I, 382.— Woolley, Rev. gen., 

 1907, X, 68.— Kowalewsky, J. vet., 1908, 146.— Eiidiger. D. t. W., 1909, 400.— 

 Eggebrecht, Z. f. Infkr., 1910, VII, 54. 



Rinderpest in sheep and goats. In 1861 Galambos established 

 with certainty a disease in sheep identical with rinderpest, and he 

 succeeded also in transmitting it artificially to sheep (6 animals in- 

 oculated became affected on the 10th day). Since that time the sus- 

 ceptibility of sheep as well as of goats has been confirmed repeatedly, 

 and according to Roll only about 55% of these animals resist artificial 

 infection. 



Extensive outbreaks among sheep were observed in 1862 in Poland, 

 where 64-74^0 of the flocks became affected (Seifmann) ; in 1863 in 

 Sicily, where 20,000 sheep and goats succumbed to the disease (Chicoli) ; 

 further in 1870-1871 it affected the sheep in France and Alsace-Lorraine, 

 in the latter provinces causing a loss of 4,000 animals (Zundel), 



The clinical manifestations consist in the milder forms, in fever, 

 catarrh of the conjunctivae and the nasal mucous membranes, accelerated 

 respiration, dry cough, and passing of very dry feces. In severe cases 

 there is great del)ility and apathy, a yellowish-white discharge from 

 the eyes and nose, moist cough and frequent passage of thin, greenish- 

 brown excrements mixed with mucus. 



In favorable cases the patients improve very rapidly after an 

 illness lasting 4-5 days, while in severe cases death ensues in the same 

 length of time. The mortality in sheep and goats is generally smaller 

 than in cattle, rarelv exceeding 25-30%, Tamilini however observed 

 a loss of 75%. 



The anatomical changes reseml)le those in cattle, but extensive 

 pseudo-membranes and ulcerations on the mucous membranes do not 

 usually occur. The ordinary changes consist in a hemorrhagic inflam- 

 mation of the mucous membrane of abomasum and intestines, with 

 reddish-yellow, loosely adhering deposits. Similar changes are also 

 present in the mucous membrane of the air passages and in the bladder. 

 There is also anemia of the lungs, and an interstitial emphysema 

 (according to Roll a catarrhal pneumonia is noted with relative fre- 

 quency) . 



Literature. Galambos, Gvogyasyat, 1862, Nr. 4. — Maresch, O. Vjschr., 1863, 

 XIX, 34.— Roll, Rinderpestiihnl." Krankh. d. Schafe u. Ziegen. Wien., 1864. 



