Diagnosis. Treatment. 323 



In human medicine the term " varicellen " (sheep pox, water pox, 

 wind pox), designates an acute exanthema of children, in which in 

 the course of only a few hours small vesicles develop on the skin, and 

 sometimes also on the mucous membrane, which however soon dry into 

 scabs. This condition is associated with mild general disturbances. 

 Recovery from this disease does not produce immunity against the true 

 pox, and therefore the affections are considered etiologically different. 



Treatment. Besides keeping tlie affected udder clean and 

 dry, it is advisable to milk the animals daily with great care, 

 or to draw the milk with the aid of milk catheters. If ulcera- 

 tions have appeared at the place of the vesicles they may be 

 treated with neutral fats, with zinc or lead ointment. If milk- 

 ing has been discontinued, uneventful recovery takes place 

 within 10 to 15 days. 



Immunization. Freger vaccinated all cows of an infected herd 

 with calf lymph used for man. The vaccination was carried out on 

 the perineum by superficially scarifying the skin. Nodules developed 

 upon the already affected cows, while on the healthy animals typical 

 pox postules appeared, and these animals did not contract the infection. 

 The same procedure was also employed with good results by Krause 

 in a large herd, in which the aff'ection existed for li/> years; newly 

 introduced animals which previous to the vaccination had usually 

 become affected within 3 to 4 weeks, failed to develop the disease after 

 the inauguration of this method. 



Literature. Jeniier, Iiiqn. of the causes and effects of Variolae-Vaccinae. 

 London. 1798.— Bollinger, Volkmaim's Samml. Klin. Vortr., 1877, Nr. 110 (Lit.).— 

 Ehrhardt, Schw. A., 1896, 81.— Strebel, Schw. A., 1898, XL, 113.— Negri, Esper. 

 siilla filtr. del virus vacc. Pavia, 1905.— Proscher, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1906, XL, 337.— 

 Carini, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1906, XLII, 325.— Nieolle & Adil-Bey, C. E., 1906, CXLII, 

 1196.— Freger, J. vet., 1906, 385.— Leese, Trop. Vet., 1909, I, 1. 



Pox Vaccination of Man. The discovery of the English physician 

 Edward Jenner (1796) established the fact that the inoculation of cow 

 pox lymph in man produces at the point of inoculation a mild pox erup- 

 tion, the recovery from this producing in the vaccinated person a last- 

 ing immunity against true pox. This method caused the abandoning 

 of the older procedure, in which the lymph of man affected with pox 

 was used for pox vaccination, and as a result of which the vaccinated 

 persons not infrequently became severely affected with generalized pox. 

 Jenner used at first exclusively original animal lymph, but as it was 

 later observed that this virus could be transmitted from man to man, 

 in M^hich case its character does not change, the vaccination with such 

 humanized vaccine, that is, with the contents of vesicles from man 

 vaccinated with original cow pox lymph, has latterly attained con- 

 tinuously increasing use. 



In the meantime various disadvantages have been observed in this 

 procedure. In order to practice this vaccination, a vaccinated person 

 in the proper stage of the disease must be available, which is often very 

 difficult. This condition cannot be remedied by conserving the lymph 

 obtained from vaccinated persons, as in this manner only small quan- 

 tities of lymph may be collected. A still greater disadvantage lies in 



