340 Foot-aiul-Mouth Disease. 



very slowly, and the sensitiveness and swelling- of tlie feet dis- 

 appears completely only after from 1 to 2 weeks. 



If in cattle several vesicles develop adjacent to each other, 

 ^long the coronary band, it may frequently be observed that 

 the coronary seam separates from the horny border, and this 

 may even become loosened from the sensitive lamina. In the 

 course of the healing process this crack remains between the 

 newly formed horn and the old wall, and it is only after several 

 weeks that the coronary band finally becomes covered with new 

 horn. (Dirt and sand may jjenetrate the horny crack, producing 

 bruises and infiannnation of the sensitive lamina, as a result 

 of which the animals remain lame for a long time.) In heavy, 

 fattened hogs the loss of the hoofs is often observed. 



In sheep the infiannnatory process quite frequently affects 

 the biHex gland which is located in the interdigital space, where- 

 upon from the excretory duct a great quantity of muco-purulent 

 material may be squeezed out (hoof worm). 



The vesicular exanthenui occurs very frequently on tlie 

 udder in cattle, simultaneously with the infection in the mouth 

 or hoof. As a rule vesicles develop on the teats, sometimes 

 i^eaching the size of a nut. In such cases the whole udder swells, 

 and appears reddened in the immediate surroundings of the 

 vesicles. The affected parts are very painful. The vesicles 

 are usually broken on the first day during milking, while in 

 cases in Avliich they are protected from mechanical interference 

 they nuiy remain intact for 5 to 6 days, until finally their thin 

 wall bursts of its own accord, and the resulting loss of substance 

 soon yields under the formed scab. The sensitiveness and swell- 

 ing, as well as the reddening of the affected parts of the skin, 

 may however remain for several days. 



With the exanthema a catarrh of the milk ducts may become 

 associated. In such cases the milk, the quantity of which is 

 usually considerably diminished even in healthy udders, has 

 a more or less colostrum-like consistence, and is therefore of a 

 yellowish-white color and acid reaction, coagulates easily, and 

 can only with difficulty be worked into butter and cheese. In 

 exceptiojial cases it is watery, and contains white mucous flakes, 

 which collect in the milk ducts, and therefore may render the 

 milking difficult. In the meantime the milk may have a rancid, 

 bitter taste. 



The milk production is always diminisliod in the course of the disease, but 

 the decrease varies from case to case. Relative to this, Siedamfjrotzky observed 

 in a dairy farm of 4.'? cows, that durinfj the disease in two cows the milk entirely 

 ceased, in the others the shrinkage was the greatest on the sixth day, at which 

 time the loss in old milk cows amounted to 75%, in fresh to 5.")%, and in those 

 which were about in the middle of their milking period it reached 4;^%. After 

 the disappearance of the disease the quantity of milk rose only to ^4 of the former 

 volume. The entire quantity of milk dropped at the height of the disease from 

 745 to 364 liters, and after the disappearance of the disease came back to 522 

 liters. In a second dairy farm 32 cows gave instead of 300, only 30 liters of milk, 

 and the quantity remaineil at the same height for 8 days. In a third place the 

 quantity of milk dropped on the tifth day from 510 to 260 liters, it increased from 



