354 Foot-and-Moutli Disease. 



a period of seven months in 244 herds 4712 cattle, 3G0 hogs and 229 sheep and 

 goats were slaughtered representing a value of $128,908. In a similar way Aus- 

 tralia has remained free from the infection after the slaughter in Victoria of 

 two herds in 1865. In recent times Holland and Germany also adopted the 

 slaughter of the infected herds in sporadic outbreaks. 



Literature. Hertwig, Mag., 1842, VIIT, 389. — Haubner, Veterinary Police, 

 1869, 3.59 (Lit).— Johne, S. B., 1881, 62; D. Z. f. Tm., 1884, 186.— Siedamgrotzky, 

 S. B., 1892, 71.— Hess, Klauenkrankh. d. Bindes, 1892.— Schiitz, A. f. Tk., 1894, 

 XX, 1.— Kitt, Mouh., 1894, V, 319 (Eevue).— Mobius, S. B., 1895, 75.— Loffler &, 

 Frosch, Cbl. f. Bakt., 1897, XXII, 257.— Hecker, B. t. W., 1898, 61; 1899, 6 u. 130.— 

 Imminger, B. t. W., 1898, 517.— Loffler, D. t. W., 1899, 317; D. m. W., 1903, 685; 

 Kongr. Haag, 1909.— Ebertz, A. f. Tk., 1900; XXVI, 199.— Nocard, Eev. gen., 1903, 

 I, 369; Acad, de med., 1901. — Arb. z. Erforsehung d. M. u. Kls., Denkschr. d. 

 kais. Ges.-Amtes 1901.. — Mohler & Washburn, Bureau Animal Industry Bull. Xr. 

 63, 1905. — Casper, B. t. W., 1907, 399 (Lit. on immunization). — Ory, Sem. vet., 

 1907.— Terni, D. t. W., 1908, 747. 



Foot-and-Mouth Disease in Horses, Carnivorous Animals and in 

 Fowls. Besides runiiiiants and hogs, carnivorous animals and the horse 

 are also susceptible to the disease, although in a considerably lesser 

 degree, so that in these animals the disease is observed only very rarely. 



The disease has been noted in various places among horses simul- 

 taneously with its occurrence among ruminants and hogs. In most in- 

 stances it could be traced to direct contact of the horses with affected 

 cattle, to the drinking of water contaminated with infectious saliva, 

 or to pasturing in fields in Avhich affected ruminants were previously 

 kept. (The transmissibility to horses was proven experimentally by 

 Brauer and Woestendieck ; Albrecht, and also ourselves, failed in such 

 inoculation experiments.) From the affected horses the disease is 

 usually not transmitted to healthy horses. 



In horses the disease occurs only as a mouth affection ; vesicles 

 develop with febrile symptoms, on the sometimes greatly swollen tongue 

 and on the . lips, sometimes also on the nasal mucous membrane, the 

 conjunctiva, and on the immediately surrounding skin. The erosions 

 which develop in place of the ruptured vesicles are for a time covered 

 with yellow, flat deposits, the horses may sometimes also show slight 

 indications of gastro-intestinal catarrh. Usually however recovery takes 

 place within a short time (although Perazzi reports two cases of death). 



By its clinical manifestations alone the disease can hardly be dis- 

 tinguished from the contagious pustular stomatitis, except that in the 

 latter the development of the pustules takes place from nodules. Usually 

 the establishment of a diagnosis is only possible with the aid of the 

 history, and by determining the method and nature of the infection, 

 also from the fact that pustular stomatitis spreads very rapidly among 

 horses. 



Literature. Brauer, S. B., 1876, 84.— Woestendieck, Pr. M., 1883, 9.— Albrecht, 

 W. f. Tk., 1896, 37.— Perazzi, Clin, vet., 1907, 633. 



The disease is very rarely observed in carnivorous animals ; sporadi- 

 cally it has been established in dogs (Adam, Lukas, Schaffer) and cats 

 (Uhlich, Esser), which were kept on infected premises, or used for 

 guarding an affected herd of cattle. Vesicles develop on the mucous 

 membrane of the mouth, the erosions showing a tendency to form deep, 

 penetrating ulcers. The development of the disease is associated with 

 febrile manifestations, sometimes also with vomiting and diarrhea. If 

 the feet are involved a vesicular exanthema develops on the balls, be- 

 tween the toes, and on the soles, with which swelling and lameness 

 are associated. 



