In Fowls and Man. 355 



Literature. Sehaffer, A. f. Tk., 1894, XX, 331.— Heeker, B. t. W., 1898, 61 — 

 Borzoni, N. Ere., 1907, 292. 



In fowls eases of the disease which were mentioned already by 

 Spinola are exceedingly rare. The location of the exanthema is either 

 on the head (around the nostrils, comb, conjunctiva, mucous membrane 

 of the bills), or the feet (claws, in water fowl on the webs). Sometimes 

 however the vesicles may also develop on other parts of the body. 

 Wildner observed the disease in two townships in an enzootic form, 

 where it affected chickens and pigeons severely. The buccal mucous 

 membrane scaled off' in shreds, the feet swelled up to the tarsus and the 

 skin between the claws was covered with numerous small vesicles; in 

 some birds not only the claws dropped off, but also the last joints of 

 the toes. On the feet of the animals which remained alive great deform- 

 ities developed. 



Literature. Spinola, Spez. Path., 1858, II, 883.— Schindelka, Monh., 1892, IV, 

 125. 



Poot-and-Mouth Disease in Man. As man is also susceptible to 

 the virus of foot-and-mouth disease, it may fre(iuently be transmitted 

 to him if it occurs in an epizootic form. The infection is mostly 

 transmitted by raw, or insufficiently heated milk from affected cows, or 

 by whey (Dieckerhoff), cheese and butter (Schneider, Frick, Frohlich) 

 prepared from such milk. In rare instances persons engaged in work 

 around the infected animals may contract the disease by direct con- 

 tact with the affected parts of the body, as in milking, slaughtering, or 

 during the treatment of the patients. Bertarelli succeeded in one case 

 in transmitting the disease back to a calf. 



Biissenius & Siegel report 16 epizootics in the years of 1878-1896, in the course 

 of which entire families, sometimes all inhabitants of certain houses, and even town- 

 ships became affected. During different outbreaks the cases terminated fatally in 

 36, 23, and 16 instances respectively. 



The disease develops in man usually in a mild form, except in 

 children, in which an associated gastro-intestinal catarrh may lead to 

 death. During some of the outbreaks however, adult persons also be- 

 came severely affected. 



After the ingestion of raw milk the symptoms are as follows: 

 at first mild fever, sometimes with vomiting, soon a feeling of warmth and 

 dryness appear in the mouth, the mucous membrane of which becomes 

 reddened, especially on the lips, gums and on the cheeks ; later vesicles as 

 large as peas develop at these places, sometimes also on the borders 

 of the tongues, and even further back. After they burst the lost epi- 

 thelium is soon replaced. Similar vesicles also develop occasionally on 

 the conjunctiva and on the skin of nose and face. The skin exanthema 

 appears most frequently on the hands, on the points of the fingers, on 

 the base of the nails, and on the volar surface of the finger tips, more 

 rarely also on the toes or on other parts of the body. After the vesicles 

 burst a thin scab forms, under which the new formation of epithelium 

 progresses rapidly. 



Besides these local changes headaches and pains in the extremities, 

 dizziness, stomach cramps, vomiting, diarrhea and great dullness may 

 be observed from case to case. 



Literature. Koranyi, Nothnagels Handbuch, 1900, V. Bd. I. T. 



