390 Contagious Pleuro-pneumoiiia. 



lu Belgium in tlie period between 1882 and 1887, 5,152 affected and 451 

 suspected cattle were slaughtered representing a value of 2,165,938 francs. In 

 1890-1896 the disease was decreasing (from 893 to 3 cases), since 1897 the country 

 has been free from it. 



In Germany the formerly wide-spread disease has in later times confined 

 itself to the Prussian provinces of Brandenberg, Posen, and Saxony, also to the 

 States of Saxony-Weimar and Anhalt. While in 1896, as many as 1608 cases were 

 still diagnose<l, the number diminished since that time to such an extent that at the 

 beginning of 1904 the disease was considered to be eradicated. After 1\<> years 

 one case was discovered in Saxony and after this the entire Empire remained free 

 from the affection for 1% years. Since July, 1907, however new outbreaks occurred 

 first in Prussia, then also in Saxony and Saxony-Koburg-Gotha, and in the year 

 1908, 448 cases (with 28 deaths) were recorded in 24 townships. 



In France 4762 animals became affected during the period from 1893 to 

 1903, the disease being most virulent in the northern part of the country, as well 

 as in the Department of the Seine. Since 1890 the number of cases diminished with 

 some fluctuations, in 1905 only 14 cases were recorded, in 1906 and since that time 

 no outbreaks were recorded officially. 



Contagious pleuro -pneumonia had raged in former times in Great Britain with 

 such severity that in 1860 for instance, 187,000 animals, with a value of 19 million 

 pounds sterling, fell victim to the disease. From 1870 to 1890, 63,333 affected cattle 

 were slaughtered, and 7,110 died; since 1891 the disease has rapidly decreased; in 



1898 it was diagnosed only in one single case, and since that time the entire King- 

 dom has been free from the affection. 



In Holland in the period between 1833 to 1850, 64,989, and between 1851-1869, 

 37,706 cattle died; from 1881 to 1887, 22,183 affected and 12,783 suspected cattle 

 were slaughtered, by which measure the disease was entirely suppressed. 



Formerly the disease raged in Austria, most extensively in Moravia, Bohemia, 

 Southern Austria, and Silesia. In 1890, 1857 cases were recorded, and up to 1892 the 

 number increased to 2,524. As a result of the eradication measures inaugurated in that 

 year, it has rapidly decreased, so that in 1897 only one case was observed in Silesia. 

 Since that time the entire empire has remained free from the disease. 



In Eussia the disease has become widely spread during the last decade; in 



1899 five government districts were officially recorded with 7,728 cases; in 1906, 

 19 government districts and 389 townships with 2964 cases; in 1908, IS government 

 districts and 965 townships with 4,971 cases. 



In Hungary contagious ple\iro-pneumonia was introduced, in all probability, 

 in the middle of last century from the west and spread extensively later to the 

 northwestern part of the country, (in 1893 2,352 cases occurred in 351 townships of 

 17 counties). As a result of the measures inaugurated in 1892 the infected terri- 

 tory was more and more limited; in 1901 only 1 case was recorded, and since 1902 

 the entire territory has been free. 



Spain appears to be badly infected, as even in recent times the disease was 

 introduced from that country into France, while in Italy no cases have been recorded 

 since 1889. 



The northern countries, Denmark, Norway and Sweden, have been free from the 

 affection for a long time, and in the countries of the Balkans it does not appear 

 to occur. 



In Asia the disease appears especially wide-spread in the Eussian territories, 

 (in 1908 14,115 cases in 857 townships), as well as in India; it occurs likewise fre- 

 quently in Central and South Africa (in Capeland alone 9,062 cases were recorded in 

 the period of 1897-1898, and in Egypt five cases were officially established in 

 1908),. in Australia (Loin estimates the loss in 1889 at 16 million francs), and 

 also in South America. The United States of North America, where in 1886, 10,000 

 cattle were affected in the State of Illinois alone, has been free from the disease 

 since 1892. 



Etiology. Contagious pleuro-pneumonia is caused by an 

 extraordinarily small, polymorphic micro-organism, which 

 passes through the Berkefeld filter, and also through the 

 Chamberland F-candle. In cultures under the microscope it is 

 perceptible at a magnification of about 1500 and with strong 

 illumination, in the form of extremely small, refracting dots, 

 fine vibrios, and very short spirillae, as well as of branching 

 and asteroid bodies. 



