406 " Contai^ious Pleuro-pneunionia. 



the utilization of pure cultures for immunization, tlie danger 

 has been greatly lessened as compared with former times. 

 Further a thorough disinfection of the infected stables, as well 

 as the most thorough airing jjossible of the evacuated buildings, 

 aid greatly in obtaining the desired result. 



The law of 1880 concerning the infectious diseases of the German Empire 

 ordered only the slaughter of the affected animals; in 1895, however, this measure 

 was extended also to suspected animals, and the authorities were further authorized 

 to destroy cattle which were suspected of having been infected. In the period of 

 1890-1903 11,975 cattle were slaughtered by authoritative order, and the government- 

 indemnity to the owners amounted to 2,987,795 marks. 



In Great Britain the measure of 1888 did not have satisfactory results in 

 spite of the fact that over 30,000 cattle were slaughtered, as the slaughter of the affected 

 and suspected animals and the compensation of the owners had to be carried by 

 the local funds; therefore by the Act of July 4, 1890, the government was entrusted 

 with the execution of the eradication. Since that time the situation has improved 

 rapidly, so that in 1898 the entire country was free from the disease (the cost of 

 eradication amounted to over \i million pounds sterling). 



In accordance with the contagious pleuro-pneumonia law of August 17, 1892, 

 the eradication was carried out in Austria until the suppression of the disease in 

 1897, during which time 21,013 cattle were slaughtered, at a valuation of 3,555,886 

 crowns; of this amount the State paid an indemnity of 2,711,651 crowns. 



In Hungary, according to the law of 1893, the slaughter of the affected and 

 suspected animals was ordered, eventually also of those which were suspected of 

 being affected, and the time of observation for the latter was extended to six months. 

 The owners were assured of an indemnity l)y the State, which in accordance with the 

 law of 1897, included for healthy animals the full value, and for affected cattle 

 90% of the appraised value. Until the eradication of the disease in 1901, 56,238 

 cattle were slaughtered in accordance with this law, with a total indemnity amounting 

 to 3,651,905 crowns. In a similar way, by obligatory slaughter of the affected and 

 suspected animals, with indemnity from the State, the disease has been erailicated in 

 Holland (1884-1888), in Denmark (1849-1856), and in North America (1887-1892). 



Literature. Willems, Eec, 1852, 401; 1887, 11.— Magendie & Bouley, Ibid., 

 1854, 161.— Sussdorf, D. Z. f. Tm., 1879, V, 353.— Thiernesse & Degive, Ann., 1882, 

 620.— Schiitz & Steffen, A. f. Tk., 1889, XV, 217; 1890, XVI, 29; 1891, XVII, 290.— 

 Mac Fadyean, J. of comp. Path., 1892, V.— Nocard, Bull., 1892, 158, 203 u. 317.— 

 Eoeckl, Ber. liber d. Kongr in Bern, 1894, 11. — Thomassen, Ibid., 1894, 51. — Nocard 

 & Eoux, A. P., 1898, XII, 240; 1901, 416.— Nocard, Eoux & Dujardin-Beaumetz, 

 Bull., 1899, 430.— Schmidt, B. t. W., 1898, 159; D. t. W., 1899, 265.— Techn. 

 Dep. f. d. Vet.-Wesen, A. f. Tk., 1899, XXV, 312.— Theiler, Schw. A., 1899, XLI, 57. 

 —Constant & Mesnard, Eec, 1903, 436; 1904, 552.— Dujardin-Beaumetz, A. P., 1906, 

 XX, 449.— Bordet, A. P., 1910, XXIV, 161.— Borrel, Dujardin-Beaumetz, Jeantet & 

 Jouan, Ibid., 168. 



Infectious Pleuro-pneumonia of Goats. In the years of 1894 and 

 1895 a severe pneumonia developed in various localities of Germany, 

 especially in Saxony in the vicinity of Dresden (Pusch) and in Tliurin- 

 gia (Storch, Holzendorff), among the bucks imported to this locality 

 from the Swiss Simmental shortly after their arrival, which later spread 

 also to the native goats. At the same time the disease was observed by 

 Leclainche in the Pyrenees, two years later by Mazzini in Italy, and the 

 first mentioned author established the fact that tlie disease is identical 

 with the affection of goats in Algeria known there as "boufrida," and 

 M'hich occurs there in some years in an epizootic form causing great 

 losses. 



The disease appears to affect goats exclusively; the transmission to 

 other animals, even to sheep, has not yet been observed. According to 

 recorded ol)servations the disease is prevalent only in mountainous 

 regions, where it usually runs a mild course. If however the affected 

 animals are brought to other localities the disease attains, under the 

 influence of the transportation and the changed climatic conditions, a 

 severe form, and causes severe losses even among the native goats. 



