Symptoms. 413 



the nasal cavities sometimes also of the larynx, later rattling 

 and snoring are observed. It is alwaj^s accelerated and labored ; 

 in some cases the difficulty in respiration increases to symptoms 

 of asphyxiation, which may finally cause the death of the animal. 

 Increased vesicular breathing may be heard over the chest walls, 

 sometimes together with moist rales. The heart's action is 

 excited from the beginning, the pulse is at first full and hard, 

 later small and soft. 



The mucous membrane of the mouth appears reddened, hot 

 and dry (especially striking on the dorsum of the tongue) ; 

 soon gray or yellowish pseudo-membranes develop in some 

 parts of its surface, especially on the gum, on the inner surface 

 of the lips, and on the hard palate, which later are thrown oif, 

 leaving superficial granulating ulcers. Exceptionally vesicles 

 lying in close proximity appear on the skin near the corners 

 of the mouth, and on the muzzle (Walil), which soon leave 

 ulcers in their places. Still more readily the inflammation 

 extends to the pharynx, as a result of which difficulty in swal- 

 lowing appears or swallowing becomes entirely impossible. At 

 the same time the earlier salivation becomes still more profuse, 

 and the saliva itself shows a dirty discoloration, mixed with 

 membranous shreds, and is fetid, as is also the exhaled air 

 (Pascolo and Paszotta in a buffalo observed trismus). In rare 

 cases croupous membranes and ulcerations develop also in the 

 rectum and in the vagina. The feces which are at first dry 

 become softer, soon fluid, at the same time may be mixed with 

 blood and fibrinous shreds, and are passed under great 

 straining. 



The urine has an acid reaction (Franck), is cloudy, con- 

 tains considerable albumen, and sometimes also blood; under 

 the microscope renal epithelia and cylinders are found. 



The body temperature, which usually reaches its height 

 on the second day, drops later l°-2°, fluctuates then between 

 39°-40°, and at the approach of death it drops below normal 

 (Lucet). 



In some cases a papular or vesicular exanthema may de- 

 velop on the skin of the entire body or only in some places, 

 such as the neck, back, udder and interdigital space, resulting 

 in the formation of brown scabs, which on dropping off remove 

 also the hair, while on the udder the thin skin bursts in places, 

 and subsequently a parenchymatous mastitis may develop. 

 Later profuse scaling of the epidermis is observed on the hair- 

 less parts. Finally a diffuse inflammation of the skin of the 

 interdigital space may result in exceptional cases. (According 

 to Franck in this form the horns, as well as the hoofs are most 

 frequently thrown off.) 



During the disease the animals become greatly emaciated, 

 they lie continually on the ground, and finally die from exhaus- 

 tion, usuall}^ with convulsions. 



The enumerated symptoms are observed in the majority of cases 



