Ti'eatiui'iil, Jimmiiiiziitidii. 459 



drinking water), salts of atropin (0.02-0.08 g. snl)cutaneonsly) 

 etc., may be used on account of their anti-spasmodic action, 

 relatively small doses being required for small animals. The 

 last mentioned remedies are preferred by some authors to 

 the opiates which cause digestive disturbances or symptoms of 

 irritation (Barrier, Friedberger, Pethe). 



The value of the subcutaneous injection of carbolic acid 

 as recently recommended by Maccagni & Bianchini, Croce, also 

 by Schmid, Guerrieri, Cangini and others (20-40 cc. of a 2% 

 solution, according to Croce 10 cc. of a 10% glycerin solution, 

 and in addition carbolized water into the rectum), cannot yet 

 be determined. Pilocarpin (0.20-0.50 g. subcutaneously) was 

 recommended to promote the circulation, and to increase the 

 secretions through which it possibly would promote the elimina- 

 tion of the toxins, but the writers, as well as Friedberger, failed 

 to olitain beneficial results from its application. Profuse bleed- 

 ing (10 liters at one time possibly to be repeated in one to two 

 days and followed by subcutaneous infusions of several liters 

 of artificial serum) as recommended by Crinon and also by 

 Dumas, is supposed to serve the same purpose, but its action 

 also appears to be problematical, since together with this the 

 administration of bromide of potassium, and antitoxic serum 

 is recommended, while Habicht advises also injections of iodipin 

 (25-30 g. alternating with the bleeding, and as after treatment). 

 Chigos and Diffine recommend daily intravenous injections of 

 250 cc. oxygenated water, Dabert peroxide of hydrogen (10 cc. 

 daily subcutaneously, or 1-2 liters per os), Mayr the iodipin 

 (100 cc. subcutaneously), with repeated rectal infusions of a 

 3% septoform solution. French veterinarians (Chapard, 

 Desoubry, Cagny, Girard & Malle) praise the tallianin (ozonized 

 turpentine), which is supposed to have given good results even 

 in severe cases (20-30 cc, daily intravenously). 



The antitoxin serum has given only indifferent results in 

 animals affected with tetanus, but may be beneficial if em- 

 ploj^ed at the beginning of the affection, and in relatively high 

 doses (see p. 462). 



After the disappearance of the muscular spasms and during 

 the long convalescent period care should be taken that the ani- 

 mals are daily exercised quite slowly for 1/4 to 1/. an hour, and 

 they should be used for work only after several weeks. 



Immunization and Serum Therapy. Behring & Kitasato 

 (1890) successfully immunized rabbits by inoculating them first 

 with 0.3 cc. of filtrate of a virulent culture, and then repeatedly 

 injecting them subcutaneously with 3 cc. of a 1% iodine 

 trichloride solution. Eabbits treated in such a manner later 

 Avithstood 10 cc. of a culture of which 0.5 cc. killed other rabbits. 

 They also withstood 20 times the fatal dose of toxin, while 

 0.2 cc. of their blood serum injected intraperitoneally into 

 rabbits protected them against a virulent infection given 24 



